Abstract
The genotypic differences in nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency of third backcrossed (BC3) progenies of Sena (Capsicum annuum L.; recurrent parent) and Kopan (Chile penguin; donor parent) pepper plants were determined by examining the changes in the shoot growth at agronomical, root growth at morphological and leaf development at physiological levels under high and low N rates. A hydroponic experiment was conducted by using an aerated deep water culture (DWC) technique in a controlled growth chamber in the spring 2015 growing season. As plant materials, five pepper plants (BC3‑1, BC3‑2, BC3‑3, BC3‑4, BC3-5) were selected from the third backcrossed (BC3) progenies of Sena and Kopan. Plants were grown in 8 L pots filled continuously aerated nutrient solution under at low N (0.5 mM N) and high N (3.0 mM N) rates in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications for 6 weeks. At the experiment plant growth, leaf, shoot and root fresh and dry weights, total leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), total root length, total root volume and average root diameter in pepper plants were assessed. Significant differences in N efficiency were observed between the backcrossed pepper progenies and their respective parents. Leaf, and shoot fresh and dry weights, total leaf area, and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) of pepper plants were significantly increased with increasing N rate: 3.0 mM N increased leaf fresh weight by 149.8%, shoot fresh weight by 116.4%, shoot dry weight by 119.6%, total leaf area by 94.54%, and SPAD by 21.28% at BC3‑3 plants as compared to progenies of third backcrosses and their respective parents. Regarding root morphological parameters, pepper plants under high N rate displayed a lower performance than plants under low N rate. Increasing N rate led to a decrease in root fresh weight by 37.96%, and root dry weight by 35.93%. Overall, the N efficiency of the progeny of BC3‑3 was highly associated with vigorous root growth (root fresh and dry weight, total root length and volume) and photosynthetically active leaves (total leaf area, and leaf chlorophyll index) under low N conditions, which could be useful to select and breed “N efficient” pepper varieties.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieser Studie war es, die genotypischen Unterschiede in der N‑Effizienz der dritten rückgekreuzten (BC3) Nachkommenschaft der Paprikapflanzen Sena (Capsicum annuum L.; wiederkehrender Elternteil) und Kopan (Chile penguin; Spender-Elternteil) zu bestimmen, indem die Veränderungen im Sprosswachstum auf agronomischer, im Wurzelwachstum auf morphologischer und in der Blattentwicklung auf physiologischer Ebene unter hohen und niedrigen N‑Raten untersucht wurden. Ein hydroponischer Versuch wurde unter Verwendung einer belüfteten Deep-water-culture(DWC)-Technik in einer kontrollierten Wachstumskammer der Erciyes-Universität, Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät in Kayseri, Türkei, angelegt. Der Versuch wurde in der Frühjahrssaison 2015 durchgeführt. Als Pflanzenmaterial wurden fünf Paprikapflanzen (BC3‑1, BC3‑2, BC3‑3, BC3‑4, BC3-5) aus der dritten rückgekreuzten (BC3) Nachkommenschaft von Sena und Kopan ausgewählt. Die Pflanzen wurden in 8‑Liter-Töpfen, die mit kontinuierlich belüfteter Nährlösung gefüllt waren, in zwei verschiedenen N‑Raten (Low-N : 0,5 mM N und High-N : 3,0 mM N) in einem randomisierten Blockdesign (RCBD) mit vier Wiederholungen sechs Wochen lang angebaut. Während des Versuchs wurden Pflanzenwachstum, Blatt‑, Spross- und Wurzel-Frisch- und -Trockengewicht, Gesamtblattfläche, Blattchlorophyllgehalt (SPAD), Gesamtwurzellänge, Gesamtwurzelvolumen und durchschnittlicher Wurzeldurchmesser bei Paprikapflanzen ermittelt. Den Ergebnissen zufolge gab es signifikante Unterschiede in der N‑Effizienz zwischen den rückgekreuzten Paprika-Nachkommen und ihren jeweiligen Eltern. Blatt- und Spross-Frisch- und -Trockengewicht, Gesamtblattfläche und Blattchlorophyllgehalt (SPAD) der Paprikapflanzen nahmen mit steigender N‑Rate signifikant zu; 3,0 mM N erhöhte das Blattfrischgewicht um 149,8 %, das Triebfrischgewicht um fast 116,4 %, das Triebtrockengewicht um fast 119,6 %, die Gesamtblattfläche um 94,54 % und den SPAD-Gehalt um fast 21,28 % bei BC3-3-Pflanzen im Vergleich zu den Nachkommen der dritten Rückkreuzung und ihren jeweiligen Eltern. Andererseits zeigten Paprikapflanzen mit hoher N‑Rate eine geringere Leistung bei den morphologischen Parametern der Wurzeln als Pflanzen mit niedriger N‑Rate. Eine Erhöhung der N‑Rate führte umgekehrt zu einem Rückgang des Frischgewichts der Wurzeln um fast 37,96 % und des Trockengewichts der Wurzeln um fast 35,93 %. Aus der Gesamtleistung konnte geschlossen werden, dass insbesondere die N‑Effizienz der Nachkommenschaft von BC3‑3 in hohem Maße mit einem kräftigen Wurzelwachstum (Wurzel-Frisch- und -Trockengewicht, Gesamtwurzellänge und -volumen) und photosynthetisch aktiven Blättern (Gesamtblattfläche und Blattchlorophyll-Index) unter niedrigen N‑Bedingungen verbunden war. Diese Eigenschaften könnten nützliche Merkmale für die Auswahl und Züchtung von „N-effizienten“ Paprikasorten für eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft in der Zukunft sein.
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A. Ulas, H. Yetisir and F. Ulas declare that they have no competing interests.
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Ulas, A., Yetisir, H. & Ulas, F. Genotypic Variation in Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Under Different Nitrogen Supply in Hydroponic Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 629–638 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00637-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00637-y