Abstract
Considering the widespread deficiency of zinc (Zn) in soils and crops, a comprehensive investigation of soil and plant is required. Foliar application could serve as a wise and economical approach for immediate correction of Zn deficiency. Information regarding the effect of foliar application of Zn on potato crop in calcareous soil is still underdeveloped. Therefore, the present study was designed to quantify the efficacy of foliar spraying of Zn on the physio-chemical attributes of potato cvs. “Red Bull” and “Montreal” grown in an alkaline calcareous soil. A field experiment was carried out at Agriculture Research Institute, Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan) during 2018–19 growing season. The experiment was conducted with four treatments: CK (control), Zn1 (Zn @ 3.3 gL−1) Zn2 (Zn @ 6.67 gL−1) and Zn3 (Zn @ 10 gL−1) following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that Zn application at 10 gL−1 showed higher number of medium, large, and total number of tubers per plant, moreover, the same Zn application rate increased harvest yield, marketable yield, dry matter content, total soluble solids, starch content, ascorbic acid content, and total protein contents. Similarly, among potato cultivars, “Red Bull” performed better toward Zn application and showed significant positive impact on vegetative growth, yield and biochemical properties. It can be concluded that foliar application of Zn @ 10 gL−1 on potato cv. “Red Bull” showed better tuber quality, higher marketable yields and along with elevated physicochemical properties.
Zusammenfassung
In Anbetracht des weit verbreiteten Mangels an Zink (Zn) in Böden und Kulturen ist eine umfassende Untersuchung von Boden und Pflanze erforderlich. Die Blattapplikation könnte ein sinnvoller und wirtschaftlicher Ansatz zur sofortigen Behebung des Zn-Mangels sein. Informationen über die Wirkung der Blattapplikation von Zn auf Kartoffelpflanzen in kalkhaltigen Böden sind noch nicht ausreichend vorhanden. In der vorliegenden Studie sollte daher die Wirksamkeit einer Blattbehandlung mit Zn auf die physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Kartoffelsorten „Red Bull“ und „Montreal“ untersucht werden, die auf einem alkalischen, kalkhaltigen Boden angebaut wurden. In der Vegetationsperiode 2018–19 wurde ein Feldversuch am Agriculture Research Institute, Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), durchgeführt. Der Versuch wurde mit vier Behandlungen durchgeführt: CK (Kontrolle), Zn1 (Zn 3,3 gL−1), Zn2 (Zn 6,67 gL−1) und Zn3 (Zn 10 gL−1), in einem randomisierten vollständigen Blockdesign (RCBD) mit drei Wiederholungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass eine Zn-Anwendung mit 10 gL−1 zu einer höheren Anzahl mittlerer und großer Knollen sowie zu einer höheren Gesamtzahl von Knollen pro Pflanze führte. Außerdem erhöhte dieselbe Zn-Anwendungsrate den Ernteertrag, den vermarktbaren Ertrag, den Gehalt an Trockenmasse, die gesamte lösliche Trockensubstanz, den Stärkegehalt, den Ascorbinsäuregehalt und den Gesamtproteingehalt. Auch unter den Kartoffelsorten schnitt „Red Bull“ bei der Zn-Anwendung besser ab und zeigte signifikant positive Auswirkungen auf das vegetative Wachstum, den Ertrag und die biochemischen Eigenschaften. Daraus lässt sich schließen, dass die Blattapplikation von 10 gL−1 Zn bei der Kartoffelsorte „Red Bull“ eine bessere Knollenqualität, höhere marktfähige Erträge und verbesserte physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaften zur Folge hatte.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abu Dahi YM, Al Younis MA (1988) Directory of plant nutrition. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Baghdad
Ahmad W, Watts M, Imtiaz M, Ahmed I, Zia M (2012) Zinc deficiency in soils, crops and humans: a review. Agrochimica 56:65–97
Amoros W, Salas E, Hualla V, Burgos G, De Boeck B, Eyzaguirre R, zum Felde T, Bonierbale M (2020) Heritability and genetic gains for iron and zinc concentration in diploid potato. Crop Sci 60:1884–1896. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20170
Atanaw T, Zewide I (2021) Fertility management on potato (Solanum tubersum L.). RRJoCST 10:33–46p. https://doi.org/10.37591/RRJoCST
Awad AA, Sweed AA, Rady MM, Majrashi A, Ali EF (2021) Rebalance the nutritional status and the productivity of high caCO3-stressed sweet potato plants by foliar nourishment with zinc oxide nanoparticles and ascorbic acid. Agronomy 11:1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071443
Barszcz M, Taciak M, Tuśnio A, Święch E, Skomiał J, Čobanová K, Grešáková Ľ (2021) The effect of organic and inorganic zinc source, used with lingo cellulose or potato fiber, on microbiota composition, fermentation, and activity of enzymes involved in dietary fiber breakdown in the large intestine of pigs. Livest Sci 245:104429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104429
Bienia B, Sawicka B, Krochmal-Marczak B (2021) Content of macro elements in tubers of several potato varieties depending on the foliar fertilization applied. J Elementol 26:211–224
Cakmak I, Kalayci M, Kaya Y, Torun A, Aydin N, Wang Y, Arisoy Z, Erdem H, Yazici A, Gokmen O (2010) Biofortification and localization of zinc in wheat grain. J Agric Food Chem 58:9092–9102. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf101197h
Cakmak I, Torun B, Erenoglu B, Ozturk L, Marschner H, Kalayci M, Ekiz H (1998) Morophological and physiological differences in cereals in response to zinc deficiency. Euphytica 100:349–357. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018318005103
Devaux A, Goffart JP, Kromann P, Andrade-Piedra J, Polar V, Hareau G (2021) The potato of the future: opportunities and challenges in sustainable agri-food systems. Potato Res 64:681–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-021-09501-4
van Dijk L, Lommen WJ, de Vries ME, Kacheyo OC, Struik PC (2021) Hilling of transplanted seedlings from novel hybrid true potato seeds does not enhance tuber yield but can affect tuber size distribution. Potato Res 64:353–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-020-09481-x
Dolničar P (2021) Importance of potato as a crop and practical approaches to potato breeding. In: Solanum tuberosum. Springer, , pp 3–20 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1609-3_1
Duffner A, Hoffland E, Temminghoff EJ (2012) Bioavailability of zinc and phosphorus in calcareous soils as affected by citrate exudation. Plant Soil 361:165–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1273-9
El-Tohamy W, El-Abagy H, Abou-Hussein S, Singer S, El-Abd S (2014) Responses of some sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivars to foliar application of micronutrients under sandy soil conditions. Res J Agric Biol Sci 10:87–92
Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Ronaghi A (2008) Interaction of iron with copper, zinc, and manganese in wheat as affected by iron and manganese in a calcareous soil. J Plant Nutr 31:839–848. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802043148
Government of Pakistan (2019) Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan 2017–18. Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad
Gutiérrez-Quequezana L, Vuorinen AL, Kallio H, Yang BR (2018) Improved analysis of anthocyanins and vitamin C in blue-purple potato cultivars. Food Chem 242:217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.002
Hafeez B, Khanif Y, Saleem M (2013) Role of zinc in plant nutrition—a review. J Exp Agric Int. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2013/2746
Hans YSH (1992) The guide book of food chemical experiments. Pekin Agricultural University, Bejing, China
Hassan AAA (2003) The potatoes. Arab publishing house, Cairo
He H, Wu M, Su R, Zhang Z, Chang C, Peng Q, Dong Z, Pang J, Lambers H (2021) Strong phosphorus (P)-zinc (Zn) interactions in a calcareous soil-alfalfa system suggest that rational P fertilization should be considered for Zn biofortification on Zn-deficient soils and phytoremediation of Zn-contaminated soils. Plant Soil 461:119–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04793-w
Ierna A, Pellegrino A, Mauro RP, Leonardi C (2020) Micronutrient foliar fertilization for the biofortification of raw and minimally processed early potatoes. Agronomy 10:1744. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111744
Iftikhar Y, Mubeen M, Raza W, Shakeel Q, Abbas W, Iqbal SA (2020) Effect of environmental factors on potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) infecting potato varieties and Myzuspersicae (Sulzer). Pak J Agric Sci 33(3):473–479. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2020/33.3.473.479
Jamal A, Khan MI, Tariq M, Fawad M (2018) Response of mung bean crop to different levels of applied iron and zinc. JHPR 3:13–22. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/JHPR.3.13
Kaur M, Singh S, Dishri M, Singh G, Singh SK (2018a) Foliar application of zinc and manganese and their effect on yield and quality characters of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. KufriPukhraj. Plant Arch 18:1628–1630
Kaur N, Cooper WR, Duringer JM, Badillo-Vargas IE, Esparza-Diaz G, Rashed A, Horton DR (2018b) Survival and development of potato psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Convolvulaceae: effects of a plant-fungus symbiosis (Periglandula). PLoS ONE 13:e201506. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201506
Khan MW, Rab A, Ali R, Sajid M, Aman F, Khan I, Hussain I, Ali A (2019) Effect of potassium and zinc on growth, yield and tuber quality of potato. Sarhad J Agric 35:330–335. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2019/35.2.330.335
Khattak SG, Dominy PJ, Ahmad W (2015) Effect of Zn as soil addition and foliar application on yield and protein content of wheat in alkaline soil. J Natl Sci Found 43:303–312. https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v43i4.7965
Lachman J, Hamouz K, Musilová J, Hejtmánková K, Kotíková Z, Pazderů K, Domkářová J, Pivec V, Cimr J (2013) Effect of peeling and three cooking methods on the content of selected phytochemicals in potato tubers with various colour of flesh. Food Chem 138:1189–1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/jfoodchem.2012.11.114
Licciardello F, Lombardo S, Rizzo V, Pitino I, Pandino G, Strano MG, Muratore G, Restuccia C, Mauromicale G (2018) Integrated agronomical and technological approach for the quality maintenance of ready-to-fry potato sticks during refrigerated storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 136:23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2017.10.001
Lombardo S, Pandino G, Mauromicale G (2017) The effect on tuber quality of an organic versus a conventional cultivation system in the early crop potato. J Food Compost Anal 62:189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.05.014
Mahmud NU, Ferdous Z, Ullah H, Ahmed NU, Molla SH, Anwar M (2021) Effect of zinc on grading, quality and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Bangladesh. Int J Agric Technol 17:1821–1832
Majeed A, Muhammad Z (2018) Potato production in Pakistan: challenges and prospective management strategies—a review. PAK J BOT 50:2077–2084
Majeed A, Muhammad Z (2020) An overview of the common bacterial diseases of potato in Pakistan, associated crop losses and control stratagems. Plant Pathol J 102:3–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00362-y
Manjunath R, Vishnuvardhana AM, Ramegowda G, Anilkumar S, Prasad P (2017) Studies on influence of specific micronutrient formulation on grade wise tuber yield and quality in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Int J Chem Stud 5:1762–1765
Mengist MF, Milbourne D, Griffin D, McLaughlin MJ, Creedon J, Jones PW, Alves S (2021) Zinc uptake and partitioning in two potato cultivars: implications for biofortification. Plant Soil 463:601–613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04874-4
Mishra LN, Singh SK, Sharma HC, Goswami AM, Pratap B (2003) Effect of micronutrients and rootstocks on fruit yield and quality of Kinnow under high density planting. Indian J Hortic 60:131–134
Moura IO, Santana CC, Lourenço YRF, Souza MF, Silva ARST, Dolabella SS, Silva AMDOE, Oliveira TB, Duarte MC, Faraoni AS (2021) Chemical characterization, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the unconventional food plants: sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) lam.) leaf, major Gomes (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.) and Caruru (Amaranthus deflexus L.). Waste Biomass Valoriz 12:2407–2431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01186-z
Najem NH, Al-Sahaf FH, Albayati HJ (2020) The effect of organic residues and spraying of potassium and zinc on qualitative characteristics and effectiveness of peroxidase enzyme in potato. Plant Arch 20:238–245
Navarre DA, Shakya R, Holden J, Kumar S (2010) The effect of different cooking methods on phenolics and vitamin C in developmentally young potato tubers. Am J Potato Res 87:350–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-010-9141-8
Noreen S, Sultan M, Akhter MS, Shah KH, Ummara U, Manzoor H, Ulfat M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P (2021) Foliar fertigation of ascorbic acid and zinc improves growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and harvest index in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under salt stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 158:244–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.007
Osman MS, Badawy AA, Osman AI, Abdel Latef AAH (2021) Ameliorative impact of an extract of the halophyte Arthrocnemummacrostachyum on growth and biochemical parameters of soybean under salinity stress. J Plant Growth Regul 40:1245–1256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10185-2
Puzina TI (2004) Effect of zinc sulphate and boric acid on the hormonal status of potato plants in relation to tuberization. Russ J Plant Physiol 51:209–215. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RUPP.0000019216.92202.4a
Rahman M, Islam M, Sheikh M, Hossain M, Kawochar M, Alam M (2018) Effect of foliar application of zinc on the yield, quality and storability of potato in Tista meander floodplain soil. Pertanika J Trop Agric Sci 41:1779–1793
Rutkowska U (1981) Selected methods of examining the composition and nutritional value of food. PZWL, Warszawa
Sharma M, Parmar D, Sharma SK (2021) On-farm seed priming with zinc nutrition: a cost-effective way to increase the yield of resource poor farmers. J Plant Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2021.1918160
Shoaib A, Akhtar M, Javaid A, Ali H, Nisar Z, Javed S (2021) Antifungal potential of zinc against leaf spot disease in chili pepper caused by Alternaria alternata. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 27:1361–1376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-01004-3
Silveira AC, Falagán N, Aguayo E, Vilaró F, Escalona VH (2017) Compositional changes on colored and light-yellow fleshed potatoes subjected to two cooking processes. CYTA J Food 15:241–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2016.1243155
Singh C, Sharma VP, Usha K, Sagar VR (2002) Effect of macro and micronutrients on physico-chemical characters of grape cv. Perlette. Indian J Hortic 59:258–260
Vinichuk M, Bergman R, Sundell-Bergman S, Rosén K (2021) Response of spring wheat and potato to foliar application of Zn, Mn and EDTA fertilizers on 137Cs uptake. J Environ Radioact 227:106466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106466
White PJ, Thompson JA, Wright G, Rasmussen SK (2017) Biofortifying Scottish potatoes with zinc. Plant Soil 411:151–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2903-4
Winton AL, Winton KB (1935) Vegetables, legumes, fruits. Wiley,
Zaman QU, Aslam Z, Yaseen M, Ihsan MZ, Khaliq A, Fahad S, Bashir S, Ramzani P, Naeem M (2018) Zinc biofortification in rice: leveraging agriculture to moderate hidden hunger in developing countries. Arch Agron Soil Sci 64:147–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1338343
Acknowledgements
This article is based on the MS thesis research of Sadam Hussain. We are thankful to the laboratory staff of Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Pakistan, for assistance in executing the laboratory and field work. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100-Vehari, Pakistan) and Dr. Muhammad Fawad (Department of Weed Science and Botany, Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan) for their technical help throughout the writing of this manuscript.
Funding
Not applicable
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
S. Hussain, S.M. Khan, A. Jamal, A. Mihoub, M.F. Saeed, M.S. Khalid, S. Babar and S. Ahmad declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hussain, S., Khan, S.M., Jamal, A. et al. Improvement of Growth, Yield and Biochemical Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. “Montreal” and “Red Bull”) by Foliar Application of Zinc Under Calcareous Soil Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 561–570 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00631-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00631-4