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Yield, Yield Components and Evaluation Indices in Wheat–Chickpea Intercropping as Affected by Different Sowing Methods and Ratios and Biofertilizer Inoculation

Ertrag, Ertragskomponenten und Bewertungsindizes im Zwischenfruchtanbau von Weizen und Kichererbse unter dem Einfluss verschiedener Aussaatmethoden und -verhältnisse sowie der Inokulation mit Biodünger

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Abstract

The experiment was designed as a split-factorial based on a complete randomized block design during two consecutive growing seasons (2017–2018 and 2018–2019). The main plots were sowing method in two levels (row and mixed sowing) and subplots were five intercropping ratios of wheat and chickpea (75:25, 25:75, 50:50, 100:0 and 0:100) and nitroxin biofertilizer seed inoculation at two levels (inoculation and no inoculation). The 2‑year analysis showed that some yield components and yield of wheat and chickpea significantly increased under the influence of sowing pattern, sowing ratios and inoculation with nitroxin. The row sowing pattern increased the wheat and chickpea yield by 13.68% and 4.12%, respectively. Also, the total seed yield increased with all intercropping ratios and reached a maximum (1269.83 kg ha−1) at the 50:50 ratio. Nitroxin increased the yield of wheat and chickpea seeds by 7.12% and 12.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum land equivalent ratio, competitive ratio, and actual yield loss were obtained using the row sowing pattern and nitroxin. Finally, the maximum land equivalent ratio (1.53) and actual yield loss (1.13) were achieved in the 50:50 sowing ratio and the maximum competitive ratio (2.18) was obtained in the 25:75 ratio.

Zusammenfassung

Der Versuch wurde als Split-Faktor-Experiment auf der Grundlage eines vollständigen randomisierten Blockdesigns in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Anbausaisons 2017–2018 und 2018–2019 angelegt. Die Hauptplots waren die Aussaatmethode in zwei Stufen (Reihen- und Mischsaat), und die Subplots waren fünf Zwischenfruchtverhältnisse von Weizen und Kichererbse (75:25, 25:75, 50:50, 100:0 und 0:100) und Nitroxin-Biodünger-Saatgutinokulation auf zwei Ebenen (Inokulation und Nicht-Inokulation). Die Ergebnisse der zweijährigen Analyse zeigten, dass einige Ertragskomponenten und der Ertrag von Weizen und Kichererbse unter dem Einfluss des Aussaatmusters, des Aussaatverhältnisses und der Inokulation mit Nitroxin signifikant zunahmen. Die Reihenaussaat erhöhte den Weizen- und Kichererbsenertrag um 13,68 % bzw. 4,12 %. Auch der Gesamtsaatgutertrag stieg unter dem Einfluss aller Zwischenfruchtverhältnisse und erreichte im Verhältnis 50:50 ein Maximum (1269,83 kg ha−1). Nitroxin erhöhte den Ertrag von Weizen- und Kichererbsensamen um 7,12 % bzw. 12,6 %. Darüber hinaus wurden die maximale „land equivalent ratio“, die „competitive ratio“ und der tatsächliche Ertragsverlust durch Reihensaatmuster und Nitroxin erzielt. Schließlich wurden die maximale „land equivalent ratio“ (1,53) und der tatsächliche Ertragsverlust (1,13) im Aussaatverhältnis 50:50 und die maximale „competitive ratio“ (2,18) im Verhältnis 25:75 erreicht.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

    Farid Chaechian, Babak Pasari, Asad Rokhzadi & Khosro Mohammadi

  2. Agronomy and Horticulture Department, AREEO, Hamedan, Iran

    Sayed Hossain Sabaghpour

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  1. Farid Chaechian
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  2. Babak Pasari
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  3. Sayed Hossain Sabaghpour
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Correspondence to Babak Pasari.

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F. Chaechian, B. Pasari, S.H. Sabaghpour, A. Rokhzadi and K. Mohammadi declare that they have no competing interests.

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Chaechian, F., Pasari, B., Sabaghpour, S.H. et al. Yield, Yield Components and Evaluation Indices in Wheat–Chickpea Intercropping as Affected by Different Sowing Methods and Ratios and Biofertilizer Inoculation. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 511–521 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00627-0

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