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Comparison of the Salt Stress Tolerance of Promising Turkish Winter Squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) Lines and Interspecific Hybrids

Vergleich der Salzstresstoleranz vielversprechender türkischer Winterkürbis- (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) und Kürbis (Cucurbita moschata Duch.)-Linien sowie interspezifischer Hybriden

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate several selected Cucurbita genotypes for their salt resistance in a rootstock breeding program for grafted watermelon seedling production. Specifically, changes in the relative water content (RWC), leaf area (LA), total chlorophyll content (TCC) and proline concentration (PC) of a commercial cultivar (G32 code), two promising winter squash (G12 and G13 of Cucurbita maxima Duch.) lines, six pumpkin (G3, G27, G28, G29, G30 and G31 of Cucurbita moschata Duch.) lines, and four C. maxima × C. mochata hybrids (G14, G15, G40 and G42), were investigated with a control treatment and four levels of salt stress (4, 8, 12 and 16 dS/m). In this study, Cucurbita cultivars which showed significant differences according to RWC, LA, TCC and PC at least significant difference (LSD) tests (P < 0.05) and had salinity sensitivity index (SSI) value lower than 20%, were assessed as salt tolerant genotypes. The salt tolerant genotypes were grouped with principal component analysis (PCA) in each salt level. At the end of the study, all genotypes for all characteristics were generally tolerant at 4 dS/m salinity level. The G3, G12, G13, G14, G29 and G42 genotypes were resistant at 8 dS/m salinity, while the G15, G31, G32 and G40 were the most resistant genotypes at 12 and 16 dS/m. In conclusion, the selection of more salt resistant cultivars in rootstock breeding programs should be a priority to maintain growth performance in saline environments.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel dieser Studie war es, mehrere ausgewählte Cucurbita-Genotypen auf ihre Salzresistenz in einem Wurzelstock-Zuchtprogramm für die Produktion von veredelten Wassermelonen-Setzlingen zu untersuchen. Insbesondere wurden Veränderungen des relativen Wassergehalts (RWC), der Blattfläche (LA), des Gesamtchlorophyllgehalts (TCC) und der Prolinkonzentration (PC) untersucht; und zwar bei einer kommerziellen Sorte (Code G32), zwei vielversprechenden Winterkürbislinien (G12 und G13 von Cucurbita maxima Duch.), sechs Kürbislinien (G3, G27, G28, G29, G30 und G31 von Cucurbita moschata Duch.) und vier C. maxima × C. mochata-Hybriden (G14, G15, G40 und G42) bei vier Salzstresslevel (4, 8, 12 und 16 dS/m) und verglichen mit einer Kontrollbehandlung. In dieser Studie wurden die Cucurbita-Sorten, die signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf RWC, LA, TCC und PC im LSD-Test (P < 0,05) aufwiesen und einen Salzempfindlichkeitsindex (SSI) von weniger als 20 % hatten, als salztolerante Genotypen bewertet. Die salztoleranten Genotypen wurden mithilfe der Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) in jeder Salzstufe gruppiert. Am Ende der Studie waren alle Genotypen für alle Merkmale bei einem Salzgehalt von 4 dS/m generell tolerant. Die Genotypen G3, G12, G13, G14, G29 und G42 waren bei einem Salzgehalt von 8 dS/m resistent, während die Genotypen G15, G31, G32 und G40 bei 12 und 16 dS/m am resistentesten waren. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Selektion salzresistenterer Sorten in den Wurzelstock-Züchtungsprogrammen Priorität haben sollte, um die Wachstumsleistung in salzhaltiger Umgebung zu erhalten.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Project No: TOVAG 112-O-480) and the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Ondokuz Mayıs University of Turkey (PYO.ZRT.1901.12.011). The authors also thank Gregory T. Sullivan PhD for proofreading several earlier versions of this manuscript.

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  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

    Ayhan Horuz

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey

    Ahmet Balkaya & Şeyma Sarıbaş

  3. Vocational School, Department of Horticulture, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey

    Songül Yıldız

  4. Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Applied Sciences University of Isparta, Isparta, Turkey

    Veli Uygur

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Correspondence to Ayhan Horuz.

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Horuz, A., Balkaya, A., Yıldız, S. et al. Comparison of the Salt Stress Tolerance of Promising Turkish Winter Squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) Lines and Interspecific Hybrids. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 69–86 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00589-9

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