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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviate the Negative Effect of Temperature Stress in Millet Lines with Contrasting Soil Aggregation Potential

Arbuskuläre Mykorrhizapilze mildern die negativen Auswirkungen von Temperaturstress bei Hirsesorten mit unterschiedlichem Bodenaggregationspotenzial

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Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiosis with several plants and play a key role in improving plant growth, tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as the soil structure. This work aimed at elucidating the AMF temperature stress modulating impact on four pearl millet lines plant growth and soil aggregation. Experimental trials were carried out in both greenhouse and growth chamber to determine the response of the four millet lines to inoculation with two AMF strains (Rhizophagus aggregatus and Funneliformis mosseae) under heat and non-stress conditions. We first investigated the mycorrhizal colonization (MC) and the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) of millet lines in relation with their soil aggregation potential (root adhering soil/root biomass, MAS/RB) in the greenhouse. Secondly, the four millet lines were grown in two separated growth chambers and subjected to a day/night temperature of 32/28 °C as the control treatment and 37/32 °C as the temperature stress treatment. Plant growth, mycorrhization rate and several physiological, mycorrhizal and soil parameters were measured. Results showed that the mycorrhization rates of millet lines were low and not significantly different. Funneliformis mosseae (31.39%) showed higher root colonization than Rhizophagus aggregatus (22.79%) and control (9.79%). The temperature stress reduced the mycorrhizal colonization rate, shoot and root biomass, and the soil aggregation for all tested lines. L220 and L132 showed more MC rate and MGR than the other lines under control and high-temperature treatment. The MGR was significantly better under temperature stress conditions than in the control. Under the temperature stress conditions, inoculation with R. aggregatus and F. mosseae increased chlorophyll concentration, root dry weight and shoot dry weight as compared to non-inoculated plants. AMF inoculation, particularly with F. mosseae had a positive influence on the tolerance of millet lines to temperature stress. This study demonstrates that AMF play an important role in the response of these four millet lines to temperature stress. AMF is therefore an important component in the adaptation of crops to climatic variations in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Zusammenfassung

Arbuskuläre Mykorrhizapilze (AMF) gehen mit verschiedenen Pflanzen eine wechselseitige Symbiose ein und spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Verbesserung des Pflanzenwachstums, der Toleranz gegenüber abiotischen und biotischen Stressfaktoren sowie der Bodenstruktur. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einfluss von AMF auf das Pflanzenwachstum und die Bodenaggregation von vier Perlhirse-Linien zu untersuchen. Experimentelle Versuche wurden sowohl im Gewächshaus als auch in der Wachstumskammer durchgeführt, um die Reaktion der vier Hirsesorten auf die Inokulation mit zwei AMF-Stämmen (Rhizophagus aggregatus und Funneliformis mosseae) unter Hitze- und Nichtstressbedingungen zu bestimmen. Zunächst untersuchten wir im Gewächshaus die Mykorrhizabesiedlung (MC) und die Mykorrhizawachstumsreaktion (MGR) der Hirsesorten in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Bodenaggregationspotenzial (Wurzelanhaftung/Wurzelbiomasse, MAS/RB). Im Anschluss wurden die vier Hirsesorten in zwei getrennten Wachstumskammern angebaut und einer Tages‑/Nachttemperatur von 32/28 °C als Kontrollbehandlung und 37/32 °C als Temperaturstressbehandlung unterzogen. Das Pflanzenwachstum, die Mykorrhizierungsrate und verschiedene physiologische, Mykorrhizierungs- und Bodenparameter wurden gemessen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Mykorrhizierungsraten der Hirsesorten niedrig waren und sich nicht signifikant unterschieden. Funneliformis mosseae (31,39 %) zeigte eine höhere Wurzelbesiedlung als Rhizophagus aggregatus (22,79 %) und die Kontrolle (9,79 %). Der Temperaturstress reduziert die Mykorrhizabesiedlungsrate, die Spross- und Wurzelbiomasse sowie die Bodenaggregation bei allen getesteten Linien. L220 und L132 zeigten eine höhere MC-Rate und MGR als die anderen Linien unter der Kontroll- und Hochtemperaturbehandlung. Die MGR war unter Temperaturstressbedingungen signifikant besser als in der Kontrollgruppe. Unter den Temperaturstressbedingungen erhöhte die Inokulation mit R. aggregatus und F. mosseae die Chlorophyllkonzentration, das Wurzeltrockengewicht und das Sprossen-Trockengewicht im Vergleich zu nicht inokulierten Pflanzen. Die Beimpfung mit AMF, insbesondere mit F. mosseae, hatte einen positiven Einfluss auf die Toleranz der Hirsepflanzen gegenüber Temperaturstress. Diese Studie zeigt, dass AMF eine wichtige Rolle bei der Reaktion dieser vier Hirsesorten auf Temperaturstress spielen. AMF ist daher eine wichtige Komponente bei der Anpassung von Nutzpflanzen an Klimaschwankungen in Afrika südlich der Sahara.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, LCM, and the Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne des Sol d’Afrique Tropical, LEMSAT, for providing all the necessary resources to carry out this research. We also acknowledge the German Academic Exchange Service, DAAD, for awarding a scholarship to the first author to facilitate the completion of this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop Production, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), P.O. Box 3323, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

    Adrien Byamungu Ndeko

  2. IRD, UMR Eco&Sols, LMI IESOL, Centre de recherche ISRA-IRD, Dakar, Senegal

    Laurent Cournac

  3. Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, P.O. Box 5005, Dakar, Senegal

    Adrien Byamungu Ndeko & Aboubacry Kane

  4. Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, IRD/ISRA/UCAD, P.O. Box 1386, Bel-Air, Dakar, Senegal

    Hassna Founoune-Mboup & Aboubacry Kane

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  1. Adrien Byamungu Ndeko
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Fig SM1: Image of pearl millet lines in the field (A), soil aggregation measurement procedure (B) and pearl millet plant after de-potting (C)

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Ndeko, A.B., Founoune-Mboup, H., Kane, A. et al. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviate the Negative Effect of Temperature Stress in Millet Lines with Contrasting Soil Aggregation Potential. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 53–67 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00588-w

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