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Root-growth Characteristics Contributing to Nitrogen Efficiency of Reciprocally Grafted Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Hyroponic Conditions

Wurzelwachstumseigenschaften, die zur Stickstoffeffizienz von wechselseitig gepfropften Kartoffeln (Solanum tuberosum L.) unter hyroponischen Bedingungen beitragen

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Abstract

To assess whether grafting could improve the nitrogen (N) efficiency of potato cultivars and to determine which physiological and morphological characteristics are predominantly contributing to N efficiency, a hydroponic experiment was conducted. Two contrasting potato cultivars (Agria: N‑efficient and Van Gogh: N‑inefficient) were grafted reciprocally onto each other. Grafted and non-grafted control plants were grown in a growth chamber for 42 days in 8 L pots filled with continuously aerated nutrient solution under two N rates (Low-N : 0.5 mM N and High-N : 3.0 mM N) by using a deep water culture (DWC) technique. The shoot and root fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weights, main stem length, number of leaves, total leaf area, photosynthetic activity of leaves, shoot and root N concentration, total N uptake, total root length and root volume of potato plants were significantly increased with increased N rate. The grafted plants produced significantly higher above ground biomass than non-grafted ones, indicating that N efficiency was significantly improved by the reciprocally grafting under low and high N rates. Non-grafted cv. Agria showed higher numbers of shoot and root FW and DW, total leaf area, intensity of photosynthesis net measurements, compared to non-grafted cv. Van Gogh under both N rates. In reciprocal grafting, the growth performance of cv. Agria slightly increased when it was grafted onto cv. Van Gogh, whereas a significant increase in crop growth performance was recorded when cv. Van Gogh was grafted onto cv. Agria. The N efficiency of non-grafted cv. Agria was closely associated with its vigorous root growth and active root system under both N conditions. Same root morphological characteristic could not be exhibited by the N‑inefficient cv. Van Gogh. Our study suggested that root morphological characteristics are contributing more than shoot characteristics to N efficiency of potatoes. These traits could be useful characters to breed/select N‑efficient potato rootstocks for sustainable agriculture in the future.

Zusammenfassung

Um zu beurteilen, ob das Pfropfen die Stickstoff(N)-Effizienz von Kartoffelsorten verbessern könnte und um zu bestimmen, welche physiologischen und morphologischen Merkmale vorwiegend zur N‑Effizienz beitragen, wurde ein hydroponisches Experiment durchgeführt. Zwei unterschiedliche Kartoffelsorten (Agria: N‑effizient und Van Gogh: N‑ineffizient) wurden wechselseitig aufeinander gepfropft. Gepfropfte und nicht gepfropfte Kontrollpflanzen wurden 42 Tage lang in einer Wachstumskammer in 8‑Liter-Töpfen, die mit kontinuierlich belüfteter Nährlösung gefüllt waren, unter zwei N‑Raten (niedrig: 0,5 mM N; hoch: 3,0 mM N) mithilfe einer Tiefwasserkultur angebaut. Die Frischgewichte (FW) und Trockengewichte (DW) von Spross und Wurzel, die Länge des Hauptstamms, die Anzahl der Blätter, die gesamte Blattfläche, die photosynthetische Aktivität der Blätter, die N‑Konzentration von Spross und Wurzel, die gesamte N‑Aufnahme, die gesamte Wurzellänge und das Wurzelvolumen der Kartoffelpflanzen nahmen mit steigender N‑Rate signifikant zu. Die gepfropften Pflanzen produzierten signifikant mehr oberirdische Biomasse als die nicht gepfropften, was darauf hindeutet, dass die N‑Effizienz durch die gegenseitige Pfropfung bei niedrigen und hohen N‑Raten signifikant verbessert wurde. Die nicht gepfropfte Agria zeigte höhere Werte bzgl. Spross- und Wurzel-FW und -DW, Gesamtblattfläche, Intensität der Photosynthese-Nettomessungen, verglichen mit der nicht gepfropften Van Gogh unter beiden N‑Raten. Bei gegenseitiger Pfropfung stieg die Wachstumsleistung von Agria leicht, wenn sie auf Van Gogh gepfropft wurde, während ein signifikanter Anstieg der Wachstumsleistung zu verzeichnen war, wenn Van Gogh auf Agria gepfropft wurde. Die N‑Effizienz der nicht gepfropften Agria war unter beiden N‑Bedingungen eng mit ihrem kräftigen Wurzelwachstum und ihrem aktiven Wurzelsystem verbunden. Die gleiche wurzelmorphologische Charakteristik konnte bei der N‑ineffizienten Van Gogh nicht gezeigt werden. Unsere Studie deutet darauf hin, dass wurzelmorphologische Merkmale mehr zur N‑Effizienz von Kartoffeln beitragen als Sprossmerkmale. Diese Eigenschaften könnten nützlich für die Züchtung/Selektion von N‑effizienten Kartoffelwurzelstöcken für eine nachhaltige Landwirtschaft in der Zukunft sein.

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Correspondence to Firdes Ulas.

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F. Ulas, H. Yetisir and A. Ulas declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ulas, F., Yetisir, H. & Ulas, A. Root-growth Characteristics Contributing to Nitrogen Efficiency of Reciprocally Grafted Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Hyroponic Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 417–425 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00560-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00560-8

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