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Physio-biochemical and Agronomic Response of Ascorbic Acid Treated Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Grown at Different Sowing Dates and Under Various Irrigation Regimes

Physiologische Reaktion von mit Ascorbinsäure behandelten Sonnenblumen (Helianthus annuus), die zu unterschiedlichen Aussaatterminen und unter bestimmten Bewässerungsbedingungen gezüchtet wurde

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Abstract

Maximizing the utilization of water unit is of paramount importance in arid zones and worldwide. This is even more significant when plants are subjected to both thermal and water stress. Hence, a two-year (2014 and 2015 seasons) field trial was carried out to study the effect of three sowing dates (April 21, May 21, and June 21); two irrigation levels (I100 and I85) and two ascorbic acid rates, ASA (0 and 450 mg L−1), on physiological and biochemical traits, productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of sunflower. Results showed that subjecting sunflower plants to water deficit under any sowing date caused decreases in chlorophyll, carotenoids, oil% and seed yield and an increase in proline content. As averages of the two seasons, ASA treated plants caused increases in seed yield amounted to 11.7%, 10.6% and 8.4% with I100 and 5.1%, 14.4% and 7.7% with I85 compared to non-treated plants sown in April, May and June, respectively. In ASA treated plots, WUE values of sowing in April x I100 or sowing in June x I85 in 2014 and sowing in May x I85 in 2015 were as similar as that of conventional practice (sowing in May x I100 × 0 mg L−1 ASA). Accordingly, results clarify that ASA can be used successfully in sunflower management programs, particularly under abiotic stresses e.g. unfavorable heat and drought.

Zusammenfassung

Die Maximierung der Nutzung von Wassereinheiten ist in ariden Gebieten und weltweit von größter Bedeutung. Dies ist umso wichtiger, wenn Pflanzen sowohl thermischem als auch Wasserstress ausgesetzt sind. Daher wurde ein zweijähriger Feldversuch (Saison 2014 und 2015) durchgeführt, um die Auswirkungen von drei Aussaatterminen (21. April, 21. Mai und 21. Juni), zwei Bewässerungsstufen (I100 und I85) und zwei Ascorbinsäureraten, ASS (0 und 450 mg L−1), auf physiologische und biochemische Eigenschaften, Produktivität und Wassernutzungseffizienz (WUE) von Sonnenblumen zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Sonnenblumenpflanzen, die zu irgendeinem Zeitpunkt der Aussaat einem Wassermangel ausgesetzt waren, eine Abnahme des Chlorophylls, der Carotinoide, des Ölanteils und des Samenertrags sowie eine Zunahme des Prolingehalts aufwiesen. Im Durchschnitt der beiden Saisons zeigten mit ASA behandelte Pflanzen Ertragssteigerungen von 11,7 %, 10,6 % und 8,4 % mit I100 und 5,1 %, 14,4 % und 7,7 % mit I85 im Vergleich zu nicht behandelten Pflanzen, die jeweils im April, Mai bzw. Juni ausgesät wurden. In mit ASA behandelten Parzellen waren die WUE-Werte für die Aussaat im April x I100 oder die Aussaat im Juni x I85 im Jahr 2014 und die Aussaat im Mai x I85 im Jahr 2015 so ähnlich wie in der konventionellen Praxis (Aussaat im Mai x I100 × 0 mg L−1). Dementsprechend verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse, dass ASA erfolgreich in Sonnenblumenmanagementprogrammen eingesetzt werden kann, insbesondere unter abiotischen Belastungen, z. B. Hitze und Trockenheit.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the technical support providing from the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University and National Research Centre, Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Agronomy Department, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Cairo, Egypt

    Hani Saudy, Mohamed El-Bially & Mostafa Shahin

  2. Botany Department, National Research Centre, El-Behos St., P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt

    Ibrahim El-Metwally

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  1. Hani Saudy
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  2. Mohamed El-Bially
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Correspondence to Hani Saudy.

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H. Saudy, M. El-Bially, I. El-Metwally and M. Shahin declare that they have no competing interests.

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Saudy, H., El-Bially, M., El-Metwally, I. et al. Physio-biochemical and Agronomic Response of Ascorbic Acid Treated Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Grown at Different Sowing Dates and Under Various Irrigation Regimes. Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 169–179 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00535-1

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