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Exploring the Allelopathic Potential of Plant Extracts for Weed Suppression and Productivity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Untersuchung des allelopathischen Potenzials von Pflanzenextrakten zur Unkrautbekämpfung und Produktivitätssteigerung bei Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

Weeds infestation poses huge threat to agricultural crop production systems and their management in modern agriculture. It is imperative to reduce yield losses and ensure food security. In order to minimize herbicide application, a study was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaves extracts tested on weed suppression in wheat crop under rainfed conditions. Leaves extracts of Moringa oleifera, Parthenium hystorophorus and Cannabis sativa alone and in different combinations along with a control (distilled water) were sprayed to explore the allelopathic potential for weed management in wheat-maize cropping system. Foliar application of moringa + parthenium + cannabis leaves extract was the best treatment to reduce the number of leaves, leaf length and shoot length of all tested weed species. Leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of weed plants was significantly reduced under exogenously application of leaf extracts. Various phenolic compounds were also detected in parthenium, cannabis and moringa leaf extracts. Maximum phenolic compounds were found in parthenium followed by cannabis and moringa leaf extracts. The combination of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera (MLE) with Parthenium hysterophorus (PLE) and Cannabis sativa (CLE) (water extract at 3%) was significantly impactful to suppress weeds in wheat and achieve higher wheat growth.

Zusammenfassung

Unkrautbefall stellt eine enorme Bedrohung für die landwirtschaftlichen Pflanzenproduktionssysteme und deren Management in der modernen Landwirtschaft dar. Es ist unerlässlich, Ertragsverluste zu verringern und die Ernährungssicherheit zu gewährleisten. Um den Herbizideinsatz zu minimieren, wurde eine Studie zur Bewertung des allelopathischen Potenzials von Blattextrakten durchgeführt, die zur Unkrautunterdrückung in Weizenkulturen bei Regenfeldanbau getestet wurden. Blattextrakte von Moringa oleifera, Parthenium hystorophorus und Cannabis sativa wurden einzeln und in verschiedenen Kombinationen zusammen mit einer Kontrolle (destilliertes Wasser) versprüht, um das allelopathische Potenzial für die Unkrautbekämpfung im Weizen-Maisanbau zu untersuchen. Die Behandlung mit Moringa- + Parthenium- + Cannabisblattextrakt war die beste Behandlung, um die Anzahl der Blätter, die Blattlänge und die Sprosslänge aller getesteten Unkrautarten zu reduzieren. Der Blattchlorophyllgehalt und die Photosyntheserate der Unkrautpflanzen wurde unter exogener Applikation der Blattextrakte signifikant reduziert. Verschiedene phenolische Verbindungen wurden in Parthenium‑, Cannabis- und Moringa-Blattextrakten nachgewiesen. Das Maximum an phenolischen Verbindungen wurde in Partheniumextrakten gefunden, gefolgt von Cannabis- und Moringa-Blattextrakten. Die Kombination von Blattextrakten von Moringa oleifera (MLE) mit Parthenium hysterophorus (PLE) und Cannabis sativa (CLE) (3%iger wässriger Extrakt) war signifikant wirksam, um Unkräuter in Weizen zu unterdrücken und ein höheres Weizenwachstum zu erzielen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil and Climate Sciences, The University of Haripur, 22620, Haripur, Pakistan

    Ali Raza Gurmani & Mazhar Rafique

  2. Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620, Haripur, Pakistan

    Sami Ullah Khan & Tariq Mehmood

  3. Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, 22620, Haripur, Pakistan

    Waseem Ahmed

Authors
  1. Ali Raza Gurmani
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  2. Sami Ullah Khan
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  3. Tariq Mehmood
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  4. Waseem Ahmed
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  5. Mazhar Rafique
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Correspondence to Sami Ullah Khan or Mazhar Rafique.

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Conflict of interest

A.R. Gurmani, S.U. Khan, T. Mehmood, W. Ahmed and M. Rafique declare that they have no competing interests.

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Gurmani, A.R., Khan, S.U., Mehmood, T. et al. Exploring the Allelopathic Potential of Plant Extracts for Weed Suppression and Productivity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 29–37 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00525-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00525-3

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