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Control of Cotton Seedling Damping-off by Treating Seed with Inorganic Salts

Kontrolle der Umfallkrankheit von Baumwollsämlingen durch Behandlung des Saatguts mit anorganischen Salzen

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Abstract

The efficacy of forty treatments of inorganic salts as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for suppressing damping-off of cotton seedlings was evaluated. Seed treatments at rates of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g salt per kg seeds were applied. The results showed that potassium phosphate monobasic (2 g per kg seeds) was the least effective salt in controlling the disease, while ammonium phosphate dibasic (4 g per kg seeds) was the most effective one. The linear growth of Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium sp. was wholly inhibited at concentrations as high as 40 and 50 mM, respectively. On the other hand, potassium bicarbonate was not able to completely inhibit the linear growth of any of the other fungi even at the highest concentrations. The tested fungi showed differential sensitivities to the applied concentrations of potassium bicarbonate, as their differential regression models demonstrated. The interaction between three randomly selected treatments of inorganic salts and seven fungi involved in the damping-off of cotton seedlings was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. ANOVA showed an insignificant interaction between treatments and fungi. These comparisons showed that all treatments were effective in controlling the disease. In conclusion, bicarbonate as anion and potassium and ammonium as cations were effective in reducing damping-off. Also, acidic treatments were more effective than alkaline ones in controlling the disease. It can be concluded that inorganic salts may have potential as environmentally compatible nontoxic seed-dressing fungicides for controlling damping-off of cotton seedlings.

Zusammenfassung

In der Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit von vierzig Behandlungen mit anorganischen Salzen als mögliche Alternativen zu synthetischen Fungiziden zur Unterdrückung der Umfallkrankheit von Baumwollsämlingen bewertet. Es wurden Saatgutbehandlungen mit Raten von 2, 4, 6, 8 und 10 g Salz pro kg Saatgut angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass monobasisches Kaliumphosphat (2 g pro kg Saatgut) das am wenigsten wirksame Salz zur Bekämpfung der Krankheit war, während dibasisches Ammoniumphosphat (4 g pro kg Saatgut) am wirksamsten war. Das lineare Wachstum von Sclerotium rolfsii und Pythium sp. war bei Konzentrationen bis zu 40 bzw. 50 mM vollständig gehemmt. Andererseits war Kaliumbicarbonat nicht in der Lage, das lineare Wachstum eines der anderen Pilze auch bei höchsten Konzentrationen vollständig zu hemmen. Die getesteten Pilze zeigten eine unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeit gegenüber den angewandten Konzentrationen von Kaliumhydrogencarbonat. Die Interaktion zwischen drei zufällig ausgewählten Behandlungen mit anorganischen Salzen und sieben Pilzen, die an der Umfallkrankheit von Baumwollsämlingen beteiligt sind, wurde unter Gewächshausbedingungen untersucht. Die Varianzanalyse ergab eine nicht signifikante Interaktion zwischen Behandlungen und Pilzen. Diese Vergleiche zeigten, dass alle Behandlungen zur Kontrolle der Krankheit wirksam waren. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Bikarbonat als Anion sowie Kalium und Ammonium als Kationen die Umfallkrankheit wirksam reduzieren. Auch säurehaltige Behandlungen waren bei der Kontrolle der Krankheit wirksamer als alkalische. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass anorganische Salze als umweltverträgliche, ungiftige Fungizide Potenzial zur Kontrolle der Umfallkrankheit von Baumwollsämlingen haben könnten.

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Correspondence to Heba I. Mohamed.

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M.T.M. Mansour, A.A. Aly, M.M. Habeb and H.I. Mohamed declare that they have no competing interests.

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Mansour, M.T.M., Aly, A.A., Habeb, M.M. et al. Control of Cotton Seedling Damping-off by Treating Seed with Inorganic Salts. Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 273–283 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00510-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00510-w

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