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Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on Morpho-physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Konservolia Olives

Auswirkungen der Defizitbewässerung und des Mulchens auf die morphophysiologischen und biochemischen Eigenschaften von Konservolia-Oliven

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Abstract

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of deficit irrigation and mulching on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of 15-year-old Konservolia olive trees in Dallaho Olive Research Station in Kermanshah province, Iran, in 2014 and 2015. The experiments were conducted in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor included irrigation treatments (100% irrigation [control], 75% deficit irrigation, and 50% deficit irrigation) and the second one included mulches (polyethylene, organic [straw], and no mulch). The results clarified that there is a significant difference between deficit irrigation and mulch treatments due to their effects on the characteristics measured in this study. The highest current season shoot growth and diameter was observed in presence of 100% irrigation and straw and polyethylene mulches. Increasing water stress decreased relative water content and chlorophyll content, while using straw and polyethylene mulches increased them, compared with the mulch-free condition. Increasing water stress enhanced ionic leakage, proline content, soluble sugars, phenol content, and malondialdehyde, while using mulches reduced these characteristics. As a result, deficit irrigation can be performed without any damages to the trees if it is accompanied with straw and polyethylene mulches and this can save irrigation water in olive orchards.

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Studie zielte darauf ab, die Auswirkungen der Defizitbewässerung und des Mulchens auf die morphophysiologischen und biochemischen Eigenschaften von 15-jährigen Konservolia-Olivenbäumen in der Dallaho Olive Research Station in der Provinz Kermanshah, Iran, in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 zu untersuchen. Die Experimente wurden im faktoriellen randomisierten vollständigen Blockdesign mit drei Replikationen durchgeführt. Der erste Faktor umfasste Bewässerungsbehandlungen (100 % Bewässerung [Kontrolle], 75 % Defizitbewässerung und 50 % Defizitbewässerung) und der zweite Faktor beinhaltete die Verwendung von Mulchen (Polyethylenmulch, Bio-Mulch [Strohmulch] und kein Mulch). Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichten, dass aufgrund der Auswirkungen auf die in dieser Studie gemessenen Charakteristika ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen der Defizitbewässerung und der Mulchbehandlung besteht. Das höchste Triebwachstum und der höchste Triebdurchmesser der aktuellen Saison wurden bei 100 % Bewässerung sowie Stroh- und Polyethylenmulch beobachtet. Zunehmender Wasserstress verringerte den relativen Wassergehalt und den Chlorophyllgehalt, während die Verwendung von Stroh- und Polyethylenmulch diese im Vergleich zum mulchfreien Zustand erhöhte. Steigender Wasserstress erhöhte den Ionenverlust, den Prolingehalt, den Gehalt an löslichen Zuckern, den Phenolgehalt und den Malondialdehydgehalt, während die Verwendung von Mulchen diese Eigenschaften reduzierte. Infolgedessen kann eine Defizitbewässerung ohne Schäden an den Bäumen durchgeführt werden, wenn sie mit dem Einsatz von Stroh- und Polyethylenmulchen einhergeht. Dadurch kann Bewässerungswasser in Olivenhainen eingespart werden.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mr. Hajiamiri and Mr. Najafi for help in conducting the experiment.

Funding

The experimental part of this study was supported by the Dallaho Olive Research Station of Sarpol-e zahab in Kermanshah province, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran

    Rahmatollah Gholami

  2. Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

    Seyed Morteza Zahedi

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  1. Rahmatollah Gholami
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  2. Seyed Morteza Zahedi
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Correspondence to Rahmatollah Gholami.

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R. Gholami and S.M. Zahedi declare that they have no competing interests.

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Gholami, R., Zahedi, S.M. Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Mulching on Morpho-physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Konservolia Olives. Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 49–55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00482-6

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