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Enhancing Wheat Production Under Arid Climate Stresses Using Bio-Elicitors

Erhöhung der Weizenproduktion unter aridem Klimastress durch Bio-Elicitoren

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Abstract

Arid climate has contributed to crops yield production decrement in many regions due to water shortage and soil salinization. The main target of this research is to enhance wheat production under arid climate stresses by utilizing bio-elicitors. Two common wheat assortments i. e. cv. Gemmiza 10 and Sakha 93 accomplished tolerant to these stresses utilizing bio elicitors include Acremonium coenophiulum, Streptomyces griseus, Trichoderma harzanium, T. viride, Rhodotorula glutinis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescens compared with natural elicitors as methyl jasmonate (MJ), chitosan (CHI), ascorbic acid and putrescein (PUT). Varieties were planted in two progressive seasons in recently reclaimed lands, where two fields were selected the first is located in North Sinai while the second is situated to the south of Behira Governorate. Bio elicitors reduced abiotic stress and enhance physiological characteristic expressed as Proline, soluble carbohydrates %, Chl.a, Chl.b, Chl.a + b; Chl.a/Chl.b; Carotenoids and increased the concentration of Crude protein, N, P and total soluble carbohydrates in wheat grains. Using P. fluorescens exhibted increment in grain yield of wheat plants, cv sakha 93 amounted by 68.3% in Sinai region, while in Behira region the increement reached (45.5%) with P. polymyxa treatment. The response of Gemmiza 10 variety to the Bio-elicitors was less compared to Sakha 93 variety in both regions, where the highest increments due to P. putida treatment were18.9 and 19.7% in Sinai and beheirwa regions, respectively, compared to the control in each region. A remarkable increments of wheat growth, development and extended survival under salt and water limiting and restricting conditions. These findings demonstrate that wheat plants can display improved stress tolerance through bio-elicitors, and recommend that innovation may be useful in reducing effects of climate change and environmental stress on other crops and expanding agricultural production onto marginal lands.

Zusammenfassung

Arides Klima hat in vielen Regionen durch Wasserknappheit und Bodenversalzung zu einem Rückgang im Ertrag von Feldfrüchten geführt. Das Hauptziel dieser Studie ist eine Erhöhung der Weizenproduktion unter aridem Klimastress durch den Einsatz von Bio-Elicitoren. Zwei verbreitete Weizensorten – Gemmiza 10 und Sakha 93 – erreichten eine Toleranz gegen diese Stressfaktoren durch Bio-Elicitoren wie Acremonium coenophiulum, Streptomyces griseus, Trichoderma harzanium, T. viride, Rhodotorula glutinis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescens im Vergleich zu natürlichen Elicitoren wie Methyljasmonat (MJ), Chitosan (CHI), Ascorbinsäure und Putrescin (PUT). Die Sorten wurden in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Saisons auf neu erschlossenem Land angebaut, wobei eines der ausgewählten Felder in ägyptischen Nordsinai und ein zweites im Süden des Gouvernement Beheira lag. Bio-Elicitoren reduzierten den abiotischen Stress und verstärkten physiologische Merkmale wie Prolin, lösliche Kohlenhydrate %, Chl.a, Chl.b, Chl.a + b, Chl.a/Chl.b und Carotinoide, und erhöhten die Konzentration von Rohprotein, N, P und löslichen Gesamtkohlenhydraten in Weizenkörnern. Der Einsatz von P. fluorescens ergab einen Anstieg im Körnerertrag von Weizenpflanzen der Sorte Sakha 93 um 68,3 % in der Region Sinai, wohingegen die Behandlung mit P. polymyxa in der Region Beheira zu einer Steigerung von 45,5 % führte. Das Ansprechen der Sorte Gemmiza 10 auf die Bio-Elicitoren war in beiden Regionen geringer als das von Sakha 93, wo die höchste Steigerung durch die Behandlung mit P. putida im Vergleich zur Kontrolle bei 18,9 und 19,7 % in den Regionen Sinai und Beheira lag. Dies sind bemerkenswerte Steigerungen im Wachstum, in der Entwicklung und im langfristigen Überleben unter Bedingungen mit Salzstress und Wasserknappheit. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Weizenpflanzen durch Bio-Elicitoren eine verbesserte Stresstoleranz aufweisen können, und legen nahe, dass Innovationen hilfreich sein könnten in der Reduktion der Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und klimatischer Stressfaktoren auch auf andere Feldfrüchte und in der Ausweitung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion auf marginales Land.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Research Centre grant no 10060108 under title: Strategies for Enhancement of Wheat and Barley Production under Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Sinai; PI: Wafaa Haggag

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Correspondence to M. Haggag Wafaa.

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M. Haggag Wafaa, M.M. Tawfik, H.F. Abouziena, M.S.A. Abd El Wahed and R.R. Ali declare that they have no competing interests.

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Haggag Wafaa, M., Tawfik, M.M., Abouziena, H.F. et al. Enhancing Wheat Production Under Arid Climate Stresses Using Bio-Elicitors. Gesunde Pflanzen 69, 149–158 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-017-0399-3

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