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Degradation and Metabolism of Fenoxaprop and Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron in Multiple Resistant Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides)

Abbau und Metabolismus von Fenoxaprop und Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron in Ackerfuchsschwanz (Alopecurus myosuroides) mit multipler Resistenz

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Abstract

Whole-plant glasshouse experiments were conducted to examine herbicide resistance in selected populations of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides HUDS.). Three populations with either non-target-site resistance (NTSR) or target-site resistance (TSR) showed reduced sensitivity to the herbicides fenoxaprop and mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron. Degradation and metabolism of these herbicides were investigated using a liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Fenoxaprop degraded in sensitive and resistant populations within 144 h after treatment without significant differences among populations. Fenoxaprop-P, the acid metabolite of fenoxaprop, was found in all populations. The dynamics of fenoxaprop-P differed significantly with an enhanced degradation of the substance in NTSR populations. The metabolite 6-chlorobenzoxazol-2(3H)-one could be detected in all populations 2 h after treatment and degraded almost completely within 144 h.

The degradation of mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron lasted over 21 days. It was significantly faster in the NTSR than in the sensitive and the TSR populations. The metabolite metsulfuron was found 7 days after treatment in sensitive and resistant populations, without significant differences in the dynamics. The results clearly demonstrate that herbicide metabolism plays an important role in the evolution of herbicide resistant blackgrass populations.

Zusammenfassung

Ausgewählte Populationen von Ackerfuchsschwanz (Alopecurus myosuroides HUDS.) wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Herbizidresistenz im Gewächshaus untersucht. Drei Populationen, in denen die Resistenz entweder nicht-wirkortspezifisch (NTSR) oder wirkortspezifisch (TSR) begründet war, zeigten eine verminderte Sensitivität gegenüber den Herbiziden Fenoxaprop und Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron. Mittels Flüssigchromatographie mit Massenspektrometrie-Kopplung wurde der Abbau sowie der Metabolismus dieser Herbizide untersucht. Fenoxaprop wurde sowohl in der sensitiven als auch in den resistenten Populationen ohne signifikante Unterschiede innerhalb 144 h nach Applikation abgebaut. Fenoxaprop-P, die freie Säure von Fenoxaprop, wurde in allen Populationen, mit signifikanten Unterschieden in der Dynamik, nachgewiesen. Der Abbau von Fenoxaprop-P war in den resistenten, verstärkt in den NTSR Populationen, signifikant schneller. Zwei Stunden nach Applikation konnte der Metabolit 6-chlorobenzoxazol-2(3H)-one in allen Populationen nachgewiesen werden. Innerhalb von 144 h wurde dieser fast vollständig abgebaut. Der Abbau von Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron erfolgte innerhalb von 21 Tagen und war signifikant schneller in den NTSR Populationen als in der sensitiven und der TSR Population. Ohne signifikante Unterschiede in der Dynamik wurde der Metabolit Metsulfuron in allen Populationen 7 h nach Applikation nachgewiesen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass der Metabolismus von Herbiziden eine wichtige Rolle in der Entwicklung von Herbizidresistenzen in A. myosuroides spielt.

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Acknowledgments

This project was funded by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). The authors want to thank Dr. Frank Walker for the supervision and the guidance concerning the chemical preparation of plant samples and the LC/MS-MS measurements. We would like to thank Alexandra Heyn, Birgit Höglinger and the Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory in Hohenheim for the assistance in the laboratory. Many thanks to Dr. Martin Hess and Dr. Jan Petersen for kindly providing seed samples for this study. Thanks to Bayer Crop Science for providing the analytical standard of fenoxaprop and mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Weed Science, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany

    Yasmin Isabelle Kaiser & Roland Gerhards

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  1. Yasmin Isabelle Kaiser
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  2. Roland Gerhards
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Correspondence to Yasmin Isabelle Kaiser.

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Nomenclature fenoxaprop; mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron; blackgrass, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., ALOMY

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Kaiser, Y., Gerhards, R. Degradation and Metabolism of Fenoxaprop and Mesosulfuron + Iodosulfuron in Multiple Resistant Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) . Gesunde Pflanzen 67, 109–117 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-015-0343-3

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