Abstract
Pine plantations are an important wood source in Brazil, with Pinus taeda being most frequently planted. Most pinewood is directed to the paper and pulp industry, but there is an increasing demand for wood for solid end-uses, requiring large stems from longer rotations which can be obtained using P. taeda as the canopy in two-aged stands. We evaluated radial growth and wood density at different stem heights of P. taeda in the highlands of Southern Brazil over a production period of 36 years and subjected to shelterwood harvest. Cross-sectional disks were obtained from 15 trees in different stem heights; 10 were used for growth analyses and 5 for growth and density analyses. We used disk images and X-ray techniques for growth and density analyses, respectively. Samples were analyzed for ring (width and density), earlywood, and latewood (width, density, and proportion). Ring width varied between 0.4 and 1.7 cm, with the widest rings in the first years (3–5 years.) of growth. Ring density increased with age, with higher densities on the lower stem portions. Mature wood started to be formed from the 16th ring onwards. Shelterwood harvest affected both ring width and density, but the effects on ring width lasted for at least 5 years, while the effects on wood density were short-lasting. Mature P. taeda trees increased their size after the shelterwood harvest without compromising their wood density. Longer production periods of P. taeda as retained trees in the canopy of two-aged stands provide high-quality wood for structural purposes.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the private forest enterprise Florestal Gateados for field assistance and support on this project, the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC), the research group Forestry Resources Management of the Santa Catarina State University Campus Lages, and also the RTG 2300 “Enrichment of European beech forests with conifers”, who provided additional support to the first author.
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The study´s conceptualization, data acquisition, and analysis/interpretation were performed by Larissa Regina Topanotti, Douglas Rufino Vaz, Mário Dobner Jr., and Marcos Felipe Nicoletti. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Larissa Regina Topanotti and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors contributed to a critical revision for important intellectual content and formal analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Topanotti, L.R., Vaz, D.R., Carvalho, S.d.C. et al. Growth and wood density of Pinus taeda L. as affected by shelterwood harvest in a two-aged stand in Southern Brazil. Eur J Forest Res 140, 869–881 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01372-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01372-1