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Healing ability and diameter growth of lime-trees (Tilia begonifolia Stev.) following logging wounds

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Abstract

Lime-trees (Tilia begonifolia Stev.) have countless ecological and economical values in the northern forests of Iran. Bole wounds on residual trees are commonly caused by logging. The healing ability of bole wounds and the effect of bole wounds on diameter growth in lime-trees were assessed in a natural mixed uneven-age stand. The susceptibility to decay in relation to the wound severity was also evaluated. Condition and location of lime-trees before and after selective logging were determined through systematic plot sampling. The position of each lime-tree was identified on a topographical map using the global positioning system. After 10 years from wound occurrence, tree and wound characteristics were also re-measured. Overall, 68 stems (9.7 stem ha−1) of lime-trees were found in the sampled area, 25 stems (36.8%) were damaged in the form of bole wound, and 43 stems (63.2%) were undamaged. Statistical differences between wounded or non-wounded lime-trees in terms of diameter and height were not found. Most of the wounds occurred at the height of < 1 m; the average wound size was 370.5 cm2. Wound severity was related to wound size and wound position. Wound width healing rate was 6.2 mm year−1. The wound shape was found to be a healing factor as the healing rate by width was higher than that by length. Healed wounds were only 12, 60% of bole wounds resulted in decay. Diameter growth of wounded trees was 43.5% lower than undamaged trees. The average annual diameter growth decreased by increasing wound severity. The results indicated the lime-tree is a very sensitive species to damage caused by logging (bole wound). Single-tree selection cutting needs more careful logging operations to reduce damage on residual lime-trees in order to safeguard this species, valuable in ecologic and economic terms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran

    Farzam Tavankar

  2. Department of Agriculture and Forestry (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Angela Lo Monaco, Rodolfo Picchio & Rachele Venanzi

  3. Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehsara, Iran

    Mehrdad Nikooy

Authors
  1. Farzam Tavankar
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  2. Angela Lo Monaco
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  3. Rodolfo Picchio
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  4. Rachele Venanzi
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  5. Mehrdad Nikooy
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Correspondence to Angela Lo Monaco.

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Communicated by Martina Meincken.

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Tavankar, F., Lo Monaco, A., Picchio, R. et al. Healing ability and diameter growth of lime-trees (Tilia begonifolia Stev.) following logging wounds. Eur J Forest Res 137, 45–55 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-017-1089-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-017-1089-5

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