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Chemical and physiological responses of four Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) provenances to cold temperature treatments

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Abstract

Determining the adaptability to abiotic conditions and potential establishment success of tree species needs to be conducted before attempting to use a species in large-scale afforestation programs. In this study, the chemical and physiological performance of four Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) provenances was investigated after exposure to artificial cold temperature treatments to determine their adaptability to cold environment for potential use in afforestation programs. Seeds were sown and raised for 24, 28, and 32 weeks and exposed to decreasing temperatures in an artificial freezer. Relative electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence, and carbohydrate concentrations were measured to determine the variability between provenances. Results showed that diameter and height growth did not vary with origin for each of the three growth stages measured. Root electrolyte leakage values differed between provenances, confirming that cold stress was effectively causing physiological damages when plants were exposed to temperature at −15 °C and below. The variability observed in the relationship between provenances and cold hardiness responses can be attributed to tree-to-tree variability within provenances and microsites conditions. There was generally no significant difference in chlorophyll fluorescence between provenances, also attributed to low genetic variation between provenances. Carbohydrate concentrations were also very variable and varied significantly among growth stages and provenances. High-altitude provenances had higher soluble carbohydrates concentrations in several cases, suggesting a relationship between altitude, soluble sugars, and cold hardiness. However, these trends were not consistent; therefore, we suggest that such hypotheses be confirmed through more comprehensive further studies.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Forest Nursery Directorate of Antalya, Burdur, Denizli and Hatay, and the Tree Research Center of Michigan State University for supplying seeds. The Turkish Higher Education Council and Michigan State University financially supported this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Dilek Yildiz, Ayse Deligoz & Musa Genc

  2. Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 126 Natural Resources Bldg, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Pascal Nzokou & Ismail Koc

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  1. Dilek Yildiz
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  2. Pascal Nzokou
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  3. Ayse Deligoz
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  4. Ismail Koc
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Correspondence to Pascal Nzokou.

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Communicated by A. Weiskittel.

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Yildiz, D., Nzokou, P., Deligoz, A. et al. Chemical and physiological responses of four Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) provenances to cold temperature treatments. Eur J Forest Res 133, 809–818 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-014-0798-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-014-0798-2

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