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Phylogeography and conservation perspectives of an endangered macaronesian endemic: Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl. (Oleaceae)

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Abstract

The Azores provide an excellent field test for research activities aimed at developing conservation strategies for endangered tree species. In this work, the urgency to promote Picconia azorica conservation programs addressed (a) insights into the biotaxonomy of the species (including an evaluation of its origin and relationships with the only congeneric species of P. azorica: P. excelsa from the Canary and Madeira islands) and (b) the evaluation of P. azorica genetic diversity. Plastid DNA sequence analysis and molecular markers (RFLP and SSR) were used for this purpose. Phylogenetic data suggest the monophyly of Picconia and support a late Miocene divergence of the two species. Three polymorphic cpSSR loci allowed the identification of five different haplotypes in P. azorica. Uniqueness and relictuality of lineages are presented and discussed. Picconia azorica intra-specific diversity patterns revealed low genetic diversity and a weak genetic structure, which could result from long-lasting ecological stability and efficient inter-island seed movement that have been severely affected in recent times. The species survival is at risk, and we suggest management practices focusing on ex situ and in situ conservation units based on eco-genetic data. Additional measures contributing to mild erosion of the genepool and to remove barriers to seed dispersal are indicated.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Dr. Ana Paula Marques, the former Environment and Sea Regional Secretary of Azores, for conceding funding for this project; to Prof. Rosario Muleo for helpful discussions concerning DNA extraction in Oleaceae and to Prof. Miguel Sequeira for his precious advices on some biological features of Picconia azorica. We also thank Dr. Giovanni G. Vendramin for critical discussion of results, Prof. Scott Mensing for reading the manuscript and Eleonora Casini for technical assistance. Picconia excelsa was sampled in Madeira by Dr. Francisco Fernandes and in Tenerife by Professor José María Fernández-Palacios and Dr. Manuel Arteaga, Canaries, Spain. Other Oleaceae species were also collected by Dr. Isabel Ramos and Dr. João Belchiorinho (Portugal), Dr. Andrés Espejo (Spain), Dr. Richard Michalet (France) and Dr. Giuseppe Puddu (Italy).

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  1. Dipartimento di tecnologia, ingegneria e scienze dell’Ambiente e delle Foreste (D.A.F.), Università degli studi della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de’ Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Raquel C. Ferreira, Roberta Piredda, Rosanna Bellarosa, Bartolomeo Schirone & Marco C. Simeone

  2. CNR, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy

    Francesca Bagnoli & Silvia Fineschi

  3. Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare “E. Quagliariello”, via Orabona 4, Università degli studi di Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Marcella Attimonelli

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  1. Raquel C. Ferreira
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Ferreira, R.C., Piredda, R., Bagnoli, F. et al. Phylogeography and conservation perspectives of an endangered macaronesian endemic: Picconia azorica (Tutin) Knobl. (Oleaceae). Eur J Forest Res 130, 181–195 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-010-0420-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-010-0420-1

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