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Relationships between long-term trends of air temperature, precipitation, nitrogen nutrition and growth of coniferous stands in Central Europe and Finland

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Abstract

Height growth of 19 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in Germany, Austria and Finland, for which long-term records of foliar nutrient levels were available, was assessed retrospectively by stem analyses and compared with data from regionally applied yield tables as references. Gridded historical time series of monthly temperature and precipitation were used to characterise the meteorologic conditions at the sampling sites. Climate parameters were tested against height growth in period 1950–2000, and needle N content was tested against height growth for the periods where N measurements were available by means of graphical comparison, as well as simple and multiple regression analyses with the aim to get evidence for causes of possible growth acceleration. Trends of referenced height increment of six out of nine Scots pine stands in Germany were positive during the observation period, and improved N nutrition appeared to be the most important driving factor for this growth acceleration. The variation of precipitation—exhibiting no consistent and uniform long-term temporal trend during the observation period—in contrast seems to be mainly responsible for the interannual fluctuation of height growth. We were not able to detect any general statistical influence of temperature parameters on height growth, although they generally increased. The referenced height growth of three Finnish pine stands slightly decreased during the observation period and there was no indication of a significant improvement of their N supply. Among four Norway spruce stands investigated in Germany and Austria, referenced height increment also increased in three cases; there was again some evidence that improved N nutrition was the stimulating factor. At three study sites in Finland, however, referenced height growth of this species decreased at least from 1985 onwards, whereas mostly no significant trends in N nutrition or precipitation were identified. These differences observed between species and regions are discussed in detail.

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate very much the excellent co-operation of project partners Prof. Dr. Heinsdorf/Brandenburg, Dr. Jandl/Austria and Prof. Dr. Mälkönen/Finland, who made their valuable data sets available, the administrative support of the RECOGNITION program committee at the European Forest Institute at Joensuu/Finland, namely Mrs. Schuck and Prof. Dr. Karjalainen, as well as the statistical advice given by Prof. Dr. Küchenhoff and Mrs. Dorsch from the Institute for Statistics, University of Munich. This project was carried out with the financial support from the Commission of the European Communities, Agriculture and Fisheries (FAIR CT98-4124) DG Research, Quality of Life Programme, Unit B 1.2 and RTD Cooperation with third countries and international organizations, INCO (IC20-CT98-0309) and is subject to a disclaimer.

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  1. Unit of Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Karl Heinz Mellert, Ralf Straussberger & Karl Eugen Rehfuess

  2. Chair of Soil Science, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

    Jörg Prietzel

  3. Institute for Forest Growth, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Hans Peter Kahle, Pedro Perez & Heinrich Spiecker

  4. AGWA, Consulting, Munich, Germany

    Karl Heinz Mellert

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Correspondence to Karl Heinz Mellert.

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Communicated by R. Matyssek.

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Mellert, K.H., Prietzel, J., Straussberger, R. et al. Relationships between long-term trends of air temperature, precipitation, nitrogen nutrition and growth of coniferous stands in Central Europe and Finland. Eur J Forest Res 127, 507–524 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-008-0233-7

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