Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Cherry Production in Turkey

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Applied Fruit Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the energy use efficiency (EUE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cherry production in Kırklareli province of Turkey. It is also aimed to increase the EUE and reduce GHG emission. Furthermore, this comprehensive study conducted in Kırklareli province of Turkey will contribute to the literature. Observation, survey and data calculations are from the 2020–2021 season. Data provided in the study were acquired from 50 (reachable) farms by conducting face-to-face surveys with complete count method in 2022. This study included calculations of energy input (EI), energy output (EO), EUE, specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP), net energy (NE), EI types, GHG emission and GHG ratio. EI and EO were calculated as 14,934.30 MJ/ha and 14,234.67 MJ/ha, respectively. Among all the energy inputs, the greatest share belong to chemical fertilisers by 34.49%. EUE, SE, EP and NE were calculated as 0.95, 3.07 MJ/kg, 0.33 kg/MJ and −699.62 MJ/ha, respectively. The consumed total EI in production has been classified as 52.94% direct energy (DE), 47.06% indirect energy (IDE), 45.94% renewable energy (RE) and 54.06% non-renewable (NRE). Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were calculated as 295.48 kgCO2-eq/ha and 0.06 kgCO2-eq/kg, respectively. Increasing the ratio of RE by using farmyard manure and organic manure rather than chemical fertilisers is important to increase the EUE and reduce GHG emission levels. In order to reduce emission quantities, it is necessary to increase the use of RE inputs. These proposals considered in cherry production can increase EUE and reduce GHG emission.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acaroglu M (1998) Energy from biomass, and applications. University of Selcuk; 1998. Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences (Textbook)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonym (2022) T.C. Kırklareli İl Özel İdaresi. http://www.kirklareliilozelidaresi.gov.tr/cografi-konumu

  • Anonym (2023) T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı, TEPGE, Tarım Ürünleri Piyasaları, Kiraz (S. Demircan). https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Piyasalar%C4%B1/2022-Ocak%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Rapor%C4%B1/Kiraz,%20Ocak-2022,%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Piyasa%20Raporu--+.pdf (Created 2022)

  • Baran MF, Oğuz Hİ, Gökdoğan O (2017a) Determination of energy input-output analysis in plum (Prunus domestica L.) production. Erwerbs-Obstbau 59(4):331–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baran MF, Lüle F, Gökdoğan O (2017b) Energy input-output analysis of organic grape production: a case study from Adiyaman province. Erwerbs-Obstbau 59:275–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baran MF, Eren O, Gökdoğan O, Oğuz HI (2020) Determination of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in organic almond production in Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 62:341–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baran MF, Demir C, Eliçin AK, Gökdoğan O (2023) Energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) analysis of garlic cultivation in Turkey. Int J Agric Biol Eng 16(4):63–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilalis D, Kamariari PE, Karkanis A, Efthimiadou A, Zorpas A, Kakabouki I (2013) Energy inputs, output and productivity in organic and conventional maize and tomato production, under Mediterranean Conditions. Not Bot Horti Agrobot 41(1):190–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BioGrace-II (2015) Harmonised calculations of biofuel greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. BioGrace, Utrecht (http://www.biograce.net)

    Google Scholar 

  • Demircan V, Ekinci K, Keener HM, Akbolat D, Ekinci C (2006) Energy and economic analysis of sweet cherry production in Turkey: a case study from Isparta province. Energy Convers Manag 47:1761–1769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer JA, Desjardins RL (2006) Carbon dioxide emissions associated with the manufacturing of tractors and farm machinery in Canada. Biosyst Eng 93(1):107–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekinci K, Demircan V, Atasay A, Karamursel D, Sarica D (2020) Energy, economic and environmental analysis of organic and conventional apple production in Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 62(1):1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eren O, Baran MF, Gokdogan O (2019a) Determination of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the production of different fruits in Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull 28(1):464–472

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eren O, Gokdogan O, Baran MF (2019b) Determination of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the production of different plants in Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull 28(2A):1158–1166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fluck RC, Baird CD (1982) Agricultural energetics. AVI, Connecticut

    Google Scholar 

  • Gökdoğan O (2016) Determination of input-output energy and economic analysis of lavender production in Turkey. Int J Agric Biol Eng 9(3):154–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Gökduman E, Gökdoğan O, Yılmaz D (2022) Determination of energy-economic balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) production in Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 64(4):759–766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guzman GI, Alonso AM (2008) A comparison of energy use in conventional and organic olive oil production in Spain. Agric Syst 98:167–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houshyar E, Dalgaard T, Tarazgar MH, Jorgensen U (2015) Energy input for tomato production what economy says, and what is good for the environment. J Clean Prod 89:99–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes DJ, West JS, Atkins SD, Gladders P, Jeger MJ, Fitt BD (2011) Effects of disease control by fungicides on greenhouse gas emissions by UK arable crop production. Pest Manag Sci 67:1082–1092

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isik A, Sabanci A (1991) A research on determining basic management data and developing optimum selection models of farm machinery and power for the mechanization planning in the irrigated farming of the Cukurova region. Turkish J Agric For 15:899–920

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaağaç HA, Aykanat S, Çakır B, Eren Ö, Turgut MM, Barut ZB, Öztürk HH (2011) Energy balance of wheat and maize crops production in Hacıali undertaking. In: 11th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture Congress Istanbul, 21–23 September, pp 388–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaağaç HA, Baran MF, Mart D, Bolat A, Eren Ö (2019) Nohut üretiminde enerji kullanım etkinliği ve sera gazı (GHG) emisyonunun belirlenmesi (Adana ili örneği). Avrupa Bilim Teknol Derg 16:41–50 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karagölge C, Peker K (2002) Tarım ekonomisi araştırmalarında tabakalı örnekleme yönteminin kullanılması. Atatürk Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg 33(3):313–316 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoshnevisan B, Shariati HM, Rafiee S, Mousazadeh H (2014) Comparison of energy consumption and GHG emissions of open field and greenhouse strawberry production. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 29:316–324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitani O (1999) Energy for biological systems. In: The International Commission of Agricultural Engineering, editor. CIGR handbook of agricultural engineering: energy and biomass engineering, vol 5. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, pp 13–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Kizilaslan H (2009) Input-output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Appl Energy 86:1354–1358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koctürk OM, Engindeniz S (2009) Energy and cost analysis of sultana grape growing: a case study of Manisa, west Turkey. Afr J Agric Res 4(10):938–943

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokten K, Cacan E, Gokdogan O, Baran MF (2017) Determination of energy balance of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica C.) and narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) production in Turkey. Legum Res 40:491–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokten K, Kaplan M, Gokdogan O, Baran MF (2018) Determination of energy use efficiency of maize (Zea mays intendata) production in Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull 27(4):1973–1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lal R (2004) Carbon emission from farm operations. Environ Int 30(7):981–990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal KG, Saha KP, Ghosh PK, Hati KM, Bandyopadhyay KK (2002) Bioenergy and economic analysis of soybean-based crop production systems in central India. Biomass Bioenergy 23:337–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mani I, Kumar P, Panwar JS, Kant K (2007) Variation in energy consumption in production of wheat-maize with varying altitudes in hill regions of Himachal Prades. India Energy 32:2336–2339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meisterling K, Samaras C, Schweizer V (2009) Decisions to reduce greenhouse gases from agriculture and product transport: LCA case study of organic and conventional wheat. J Clean Prod 17(2):222–230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi A, Tabatabaeefar A, Shahin S, Rafiee S, Keyhani A (2008) Energy use and economical analysis of potato production in Iran a case study: Ardabil province. Energy Convers Manag 49:3566–3570

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi A, Rafiee S, Mohtasebi SS, Rafiee H (2010) Energy inputs-yield relationship and cost analysis of kiwifruit production in Iran. Renew Energy 35(5):1071–1075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mondani F, Aleagha S, Khoramivafa M, Ghobadi R (2017) Evaluation of greenhouse gases emission based on energy consumption in wheat Agroecosystems. Energy Rep 3:37–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oğuz HI, Erdoğan O, Gökdoğan O (2019) Energy use efficiency and economic analysis of nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) production: a case study from Niğde Province. Erwerbs-Obstbau 61:323–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz-Cañavate J, Hernanz JL (1999) Energy for biological systems. Part 2.1: Energy analysis and saving. In: Kitani O (ed) Energy and biomass engineering. CIGR handbook of agricultural engineering, vol 5. ASAE, ST Joseph, pp 13–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozalp A, Yilmaz S, Ertekin C, Yilmaz I (2018) Energy analysis and emissions of greenhouse gases of pomegranate production in Antalya province of Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 60(4):321–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozkan B, Kurklu A, Akcaoz H (2004) An input-output energy analysis in greenhouse vegetable production: a case study for Antalya region of Turkey. Biomass Bioenergy 26:89–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proebsting EL (1980) Energy inputs in cherry production. In: Pimentel D (ed) Handbook of energy utilization in agriculture. CRC, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Semerci A, Baran MF, Gokdogan O, Celik AD (2019) Determination of energy use efficiency of cotton production in Turkey: a case study from Hatay province. Fresenius Environ Bull 28(3):1829–1835

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seydoşoğlu S, Baran MF, Turan N, Alfarraj S, Albasher G (2023) Greenhouse gas emission and energy analysis of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) cultivation. J King Saud Univ 35:102541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh JM (2002) On farm energy use pattern in different cropping systems in Haryana, India. International Institute of Management University of Flensburg, Sustainable Energy Systems and Management (Master of Science)

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh H, Mishra D, Nahar NM (2002) Energy use pattern in production agriculture of a typical village in arid zone, India-part I. Energy Convers Manag 43(16):2275–2286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh H, Mishra D, Nahar NM, Ranjan M (2003) Energy use pattern in production agriculture of a typical village in Arid Zone India (Part II). Energy Convers Manag 44:1053–1067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taghavifar H, Mardani A (2015) Prognostication of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of apple production in West Azerbayjan in Iran using artificial neural network. J Clean Prod 87:159–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor EB, O’Callaghan PW, Probert SD (1993) Energy audit of an English farm. Appl Energy 44:315–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vahid-Berimanlou R, Nadi F (2021) Investigating the energy consumption and economic indices for sweet-cherry and sour-cherry production in Northeastern Iran. J Agric Mach 11(1):97–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Venkat K (2012) Comparison of twelve organic and conventional farming systems: a life cycle greenhouse gas emissions perspective. J Sustain Agric 36(6):620–649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaldiz O, Ozturk HH, Zeren Y, Bascetincelik A (1993) Energy usage in production of field crops in Turkey. 5th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture, Kusadasi, October, 11–14, pp 527–536 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz A, Bayav A (2022) Determination of energy efficiency in almond production according to variety: a case study in Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 65(4):971–979

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey

    Osman Gökdoğan

  2. Department of Mechanical and Metal Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, University of Kırklareli, Kırklareli, Turkey

    Cihan Demir

  3. Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey

    Mehmet Fırat Baran

Authors
  1. Osman Gökdoğan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cihan Demir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mehmet Fırat Baran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Osman Gökdoğan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

O. Gökdoğan, C. Demir and M. F. Baran declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gökdoğan, O., Demir, C. & Baran, M.F. Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Cherry Production in Turkey. Applied Fruit Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01113-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01113-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation