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Evaluation of Leaf Morpho-anatomical and Gas Exchange Parameters in Relation to Fruit Yield in Indian Subtropical Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) Varieties

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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the leaf morpho-anatomical and gas exchange parameters in relation to fruit yield in Indian subtropical grapefruit varieties (Citrus paradisi Macf.) during 2022–2023. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of leaf tissues revealed the highest stomatal density in ‘Flame’ (2920.26 mm2) and ‘Rio Red’ (2485.67 mm2), while the open to closed stomata index was highest in ‘Ray Ruby’ (23.44) followed by ‘Flame’ (11.31), ‘Oroblanco’ (9.74), ‘Rio Red’ (7.24), and ‘Ruby Red’ (6.93). The leaf greenness referring to the chlorophyll content varied from 34.50 (‘Marsh Seedless’) to 52.33 (‘Oroblanco’) SPAD units. The gas exchange parameter showed significant variations among the grapefruit varieties. The highest stomatal conductance was recorded in ‘Ray Ruby’ (0.23 mol H2O m2/s) along with maximum photosynthetic rate (13.79 µmole CO2 m2/s) and relatively higher transpiration rate (4.76 moles H2O m2/s). The fruit yield also varied among the genotypes, with ‘Rio Red’ exhibiting the highest fruit yield (80.65 kg/tree) followed by ‘Ray Ruby’ (69.71 kg/tree). A correlation study utilizing Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that the most significant factors affecting fruit yield in grapefruit are stomatal conductance (0.63**, p < 0.01), photosynthetic rate (0.63**, p < 0.01), intercellular CO2 concentration (0.41*, p < 0.05), and stomatal cavity width (0.41*, p < 0.05). The study indicated a clear relationship among the leaf morpho-anatomical and gas exchange parameters and fruit yield in grapefruit varieties. The number of stomata, stomatal conductance, stomatal opening length, dimensions of leaf lamina, and palisade parenchyma were shown to be valuable markers for early selection in crop improvement programme.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the ICAR-SRF, All India Coordinated Research Project on citrus, project coordinator, for providing funds and planting materials. We also extend our gratitude to the Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and DST-FIST laboratory for providing lab facilities for this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Pooja Devi, Gurteg Singh, Harinder Singh Rattanpal, Rinchin Lhamu & Monika Gupta

  2. Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India

    Anu Kalia

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  1. Pooja Devi
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Contributions

Conceptualization: P. Devi, G. Singh; Methodology: P. Devi, G. Singh, H.S. Rattanpal, A. Kalia; Formal analysis and investigation: P. Devi, G. Singh; Writing—original draft preparation: P. Devi, G. Singh; Writing—review and editing: A. Kalia, R. Lhamu, M. Gupta; Resources: G. Singh, H.S. Rattanpal.

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Correspondence to Gurteg Singh.

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P. Devi, G. Singh, A. Kalia, H.S. Rattanpal, R. Lhamu and M. Gupta declare that they have no competing interests.

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Devi, P., Singh, G., Kalia, A. et al. Evaluation of Leaf Morpho-anatomical and Gas Exchange Parameters in Relation to Fruit Yield in Indian Subtropical Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) Varieties. Applied Fruit Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01058-z

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