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(E)-cinnamaldehyde from the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia controls Meloidogyne incognita in soybean plants

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Abstract

Among the main problems faced by soybean producers is the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Because nematicides that are more efficient and less toxic to humans and the environment than those available are desirable to control this pathogen, this work aimed at studying the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia, which has been described as active in vitro against the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. At the concentration of 62 µg mL−1, it performed better than the nematicide carbofuran at 173 µg mL−1 in an in vitro assay with M. incognita eggs and second-stage juveniles. The main components of this oil were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and submitted to in vitro assays with the nematode, which showed (E)-cinnamaldehyde (83.3% of the oil) as responsible for the nematicidal activity. Emulsions of the oil (500 µg mL−1) and this aldehyde (416 µg mL−1) reduced the numbers of M. incognita galls and eggs in soybean plants to values statistically equal to those obtained with carbofuran (415 µg mL−1). Vapors of the essential oil and (E)-cinnamaldehyde were also as active as the fumigant nematicide Basamid against M. incognita according to an in vitro assay. Cultivation of soybean plants in substrate inoculated with M. incognita eggs and treated with Basamid at 0.25 g (L of substrate)−1 or (E)-cinnamaldehyde at 1.0 mL (L of substrate)−1 caused a reduction in the nematode population to values statistically equal to each other. These results make (E)-cinnamaldehyde very promising for the development of new products to control M. incognita in soybean fields.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support and fellowships from: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Agricultura, Programa de Pós-Graduação de Plantas Medicinais, Aromáticas e Condimentares, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Iselino Nogueira Jardim

  2. Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Denilson Ferreira Oliveira

  3. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus de Rio Paranaíba, CP22, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brazil

    Geraldo Humberto Silva

  4. Departamento de Fitopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil

    Vicente Paulo Campos & Paulo Estevão de Souza

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  1. Iselino Nogueira Jardim
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  2. Denilson Ferreira Oliveira
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  3. Geraldo Humberto Silva
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  4. Vicente Paulo Campos
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  5. Paulo Estevão de Souza
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Correspondence to Denilson Ferreira Oliveira.

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Communicated by M.B. Isman.

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Jardim, I.N., Oliveira, D.F., Silva, G.H. et al. (E)-cinnamaldehyde from the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia controls Meloidogyne incognita in soybean plants. J Pest Sci 91, 479–487 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0850-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0850-3

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