Recent spread and climatic ecological niche of the invasive guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta, in mainland China

Abstract

The guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera:Tephritidae), is a harmful exotic insect pest in mainland China, which was first recorded in Yuanjiang County of Yunnan province in 1982. In order to elucidate its rate of spread, extensive field surveys were conducted during 2003–2011. Through 2011, B. correcta was found in areas below 1,500 m in altitude within the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region of southwestern China (21–28°N latitude, 97–107°E longitude). The northernmost site where B. correcta was found was in Miyi County (26.48°N Latitude, 102.00°E longitude, Alt. 1,060 m) in Sichuan province. Within the currently infested area of mainland China, B. correcta mainly occurred in low-altitude valleys and basins, and displayed a patchy distribution. The mountain chains tend to run south to north, forming a natural barrier to insect flight eastward and westward. Human-assisted transport of infested fruits was the likely factor by which B. correcta moved across mountain chains. The analysis indicated that high-altitude portions of the northern Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region may block B. correcta spread northward.

Appendix: Summary table of trap sites

Monitoring records of Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) in mainland China (2003–2011)

Site no.	County	Longitude	Latitude	2003–2005	2006–2008	2009–2011
1	Ruili	97.85	24.02	●	●	●
2	Ruili	97.62	23.91	●	●	●
3	Wanding	98.05	24.08	●	●	●
4	Yingjiang	98.13	25.07	●	●	●
5	Longchuan	97.93	24.31	●	●	●
6	Luxi	98.35	24.33	●	●	●
7	Longling	98.66	24.64	○	○	○
8	Longling	98.79	24.32	○	○	○
9	Longling	99.03	24.32	●	●	●
10	Shidian	99.14	24.49	○	○	○
11	Tengchong	98.54	25.26	×	○	○
12	Baoshan	98.85	24.97	●	●	●
13	Baoshan	99.26	25.14	○	○	○
14	Changning	99.43	24.77	●	●	●
15	Zhenkang	99.13	23.74	○	○	○
16	Zhenkang	98.98	23.76	●	●	●
17	Gengma	99.06	23.56	●	●	●
18	Gengma	99.56	23.83	●	●	●
19	Gengma	99.63	23.57	○	○	○
20	Shuangjiang	99.81	23.49	●	●	●
21	Yongde	99.59	24.04	○	○	○
22	Yongde	99.37	24.07	●	●	●
23	Fengqing	99.81	24.55	×	○	○
24	Yunxian	100.23	24.36	×	●	●
25	Yunxian	99.98	24.16	●	●	●
26	Yunxian	100.48	24.51	●	●	●
27	Lincang	100.69	23.87	×	○	○
28	Shuangjiang	99.95	23.39	○	○	○
29	Shuangjiang	99.82	23.46	●	●	●
30	Cangyuan	98.98	23.22	●	●	●
31	Menglian	99.39	22.24	●	●	●
32	Menghai	100.25	22.59	●	●	●
33	Menghai	100.31	22.19	●	●	●
34	Menghai	100.18	21.74	●	●	●
35	Jinghong	100.77	21.97	●	●	●
36	Jinghong	100.91	21.86	●	●	●
37	Jinghong	101.23	22.36	●	●	●
38	Mengla	101.25	21.93	●	●	●
39	Mengla	101.29	21.44	●	●	●
40	Mengla	101.33	22.17	●	●	●
41	Lancang	99.86	22.50	●	●	●
42	Pu’er	100.43	22.64	●	●	●
43	Pu’er	101.28	23.34	●	●	●
44	Pu’er	101.10	23.38	○	○	○
45	Jingdong	100.57	24.64	○	○	○
46	Jingdong	100.82	24.50	●	●	●
47	Jiangcheng	101.36	22.69	●	●	●
48	Jiangcheng	102.16	22.46	●	●	●
49	Zhenyuan	100.96	23.91	×	○	○
50	Mojiang	101.75	23.03	●	●	●
51	Mojiang	101.58	23.50	●	●	●
52	Lvchun	102.18	22.89	○	○	○
53	Honghe	102.05	23.21	○	○	○
54	Honghe	102.36	23.38	●	●	●
55	Xinping	101.41	24.15	○	○	○
56	Xinping	101.73	24.32	●	●	●
57	Xinping	101.72	23.85	●	●	●
58	Xinping	102.15	23.92	○	●	●
59	Yuanjiang	101.83	23.70	●	●	●
60	Yuanjiang	101.99	23.57	●	●	●
61	Yuanjiang	102.17	23.45	●	●	●
62	Yuanjiang	102.00	23.69	●	●	●
63	Yuanjiang	102.03	23.74	○	●	●
64	Yuanjiang	102.07	23.81	○	●	●
65	Yuanjiang	101.92	23.47	×	○	○
66	Yuanjiang	102.09	23.52	●	●	●
67	Yuanjiang	102.08	23.87	○	●	●
68	Yuanyang	102.82	23.22	●	●	●
69	Jinping	102.80	22.73	●	●	●
70	Jinping	103.42	22.92	●	●	●
71	Hekou	103.93	22.52	●	●	●
72	Pingbian	103.79	22.97	●	●	●
73	Jinggu	100.19	23.06	●	●	●
74	Jinggu	100.60	23.24	●	●	●
75	Eshan	102.18	24.07	○	●	●
76	Eshan	102.24	24.28	○	●	●
77	Eshan	102.10	24.33	○	○	○
78	Jianshui	102.77	23.58	○	●	●
79	Jianshui	102.89	23.72	○	●	●
80	Jianshui	102.89	23.61	○	●	●
81	Mengzi	103.34	23.34	○	●	●
82	Mengzi	103.43	23.21	○	○	○
83	Gejiu	103.11	23.30	○	○	○
84	Huaning	103.09	24.25	○	●	●
85	Huaning	102.93	24.24	○	○	○
86	Lushui	98.85	25.84	○	●	●
87	Deqin	98.84	28.29	×	×	○
88	Gongshan	98.67	27.83	×	×	○
89	Litang	99.62	29.83	×	×	○
90	Lijiang	99.79	26.78	×	×	○
91	Weixi	99.09	27.29	×	×	○
92	Lanping	99.13	26.48	×	×	○
93	Jianchuan	99.66	26.38	×	○	○
94	Eryuan	99.79	26.02	×	○	○
95	Heqing	100.21	26.24	×	○	○
96	Ninglang	100.6	27.18	×	○	○
97	Yongsheng	100.65	26.46	×	○	○
98	Binchuan	100.52	25.78	×	○	○
99	Xiangyun	100.69	25.45	×	○	○
100	Yaoan	101.16	25.52	×	○	○
101	Dayao	101.26	25.84	×	○	○
102	Dayao	101.50	25.65	×	○	○
103	Huaping	101.25	26.61	×	○	○
104	Yongren	101.63	26.00	○	○	○
105	Yanyuan	101.47	27.45	×	○	○
106	Xichang	102.19	27.85	×	○	○
107	Dechang	102.15	27.26	×	○	○
108	Miyi	102.07	26.84	×	○	●
109	Panzhihua	101.68	26.54	×	○	●
110	Yanbian	101.42	26.96	×	○	○
111	Huili	102.18	26.56	×	○	○
112	Yuanmou	101.86	25.89	○	●	●
113	Yuanmou	101.84	25.71	○	●	●
114	Yuanmou	101.89	25.96	○	●	●
115	Yuanmou	101.87	25.75	×	●	●
116	Wuding	102.15	25.50	○	○	○
117	Wuding	102.09	25.90	○	○	○
118	Luquan	102.49	25.81	○	○	○
119	Malong	103.46	25.29	×	×	○
120	Qujing	103.88	25.52	○	○	○
121	Luoping	104.31	25.02	○	○	○
122	Fuyuan	104.22	25.48	○	○	○
123	Xuanwei	104.07	26.23	○	○	○
124	Ludian	103.42	27.13	○	○	○
125	Zhaotong	103.65	27.34	×	○	○
126	Hezhang	104.57	27.04	×	×	○
127	Yiliang	104.07	27.56	×	○	○
128	Yongshan	103.52	27.91	×	○	○
129	Zhenxiong	104.68	27.67	×	○	○
130	Yanjin	104.11	28.14	○	○	○
131	Daguan	103.92	27.87	○	○	○
132	Xingyi	104.64	24.70	×	×	○
133	Xilin	104.68	24.54	×	×	○
134	Guangnan	104.85	23.89	○	○	○
135	Baise	106.61	23.87	×	×	○
136	Baise	106.75	23.78	×	×	○
137	Funing	105.87	23.81	○	○	○
138	Kunming	102.51	25.07	○	○	○
139	Kunming	102.63	24.96	○	○	○
140	Kunming	102.64	24.88	○	○	○
141	Kunming	102.81	24.84	○	○	○
142	Kunming	102.79	24.81	○	×	○
143	Kunming	102.70	25.08	○	○	○
144	Yuxi	102.46	24.24	○	○	○
145	Yuxi	102.54	24.46	○	○	○
146	Yuxi	102.51	24.28	○	○	○
147	Shuangbai	101.51	24.50	○	○	○
148	Yimen	102.17	24.67	○	○	○
149	Anning	102.39	24.93	○	○	○
150	Shiping	102.47	23.56	○	●	●
151	Shiping	102.36	23.83	○	●	●
152	Dali	100.21	25.62	○	○	○
153	Weixin	105.00	27.95	○	○	○
154	Guiyang	106.64	26.50	×	×	○
155	Guiyang	106.71	26.31	×	×	○
156	Xundian	102.86	25.52	○	○	○
157	Chuxiong	101.30	24.81	○	○	○
158	Yongping	99.59	25.43	○	○	○
159	Jiangchuan	102.71	24.28	○	○	○
160	Nanjian	100.45	24.83	○	○	○
161	Luliang	103.60	24.98	○	○	○
162	Lufeng	101.85	25.22	○	○	○
163	Shizong	104.19	24.50	×	○	○
164	Mile	103.35	23.96	○	●	●
165	Mile	103.43	24.39	○	○	○
166	Qiubei	104.09	24.31	○	○	○
167	Kaiyuan	103.27	23.69	○	●	●

1. “●”, presence; “○”, absence; “×”, no monitor