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Susceptibility of the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to endemic isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)

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Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi represent excellent candidates for biological insecticides. Among the many entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) is one of the most promising species. Here, we report the results of infection studies performed using four B. bassiana native isolates (Bb37, Bb38, Bb40, and Bb45) compared with the commercial product Mycotrol® (strain GHA) on adult Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), one of the most important pests of bean production in Mexico. First, single concentration (1 × 108 conidia mL−1) assays were carried out using all isolates applied using an immersion method. Examinations at 10 days after inoculation indicated that isolates Bb37, Bb38, and Bb40 significantly reduced adult survival, causing 60–75% mortality compared to the commercial strain GHA (33%) and control (29%). Second, using two selected isolates (Bb37 and Bb40), the mean lethal concentration values (LC50) were estimated for third instar larvae and adult E. varivestis. The LC50 values for Bb37 and Bb40 isolates decreased 5.26-fold and 3.19-fold, respectively, in third instars compared with adults. However, such difference for Bb40 isolate was not significant. Finally, an experiment, to compare the median survival time (MST) values between third instar and adult E. varivestis, was conducted using Bb37 and Bb40 at 1 × 109 conidia mL−1. MST values were significantly reduced against larvae (87 and 100 h) compared with adults (130 and 134 h) by Bb37 and Bb40, respectively. We conclude that native isolates of B. bassiana represent an important alternative for the control of E. varivestis. However, to demonstrate its effectiveness under field conditions, detailed studies are needed.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Violeta Elizalde-Blancas for laboratory assistance. This research was financially supported by the Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo and the Comité Estatal de Sanidad Vegetal de Guanajuato (CESAVEG). J. A. O. was financialy supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Mexico. We also thank J. Valle (El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico) for assistance with statistical analysis. The manuscript was improved by the comments of Trevor Williams (Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz).

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Author notes

  1. Jaime A. Ocampo-Hernández

    Present address: Sanidad Vegetal, Secretaría de Desarrollo Agropecuario, Av. Irrigación s/n, 38010, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro, 58880, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico

    Jaime A. Ocampo-Hernández, Samuel Pineda, José I. Figueroa de la Rosa & Ana Mabel Martínez

  2. Unidad de Formulación de Productos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Patricia Tamez-Guerra

  3. Sanidad Vegetal, Secretaría de Desarrollo Agropecuario, Av. Irrigación s/n, 38010, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico

    Fernando Tamayo-Mejía

  4. Colegio de postgraduados, 56230, Montecillos, Estado de México, Mexico

    Ariel Guzmán-Franco

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  1. Jaime A. Ocampo-Hernández
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Correspondence to Ana Mabel Martínez.

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Communicated by S.T. Jaronski.

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Ocampo-Hernández, J.A., Tamez-Guerra, P., Pineda, S. et al. Susceptibility of the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to endemic isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). J Pest Sci 84, 471–477 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-011-0369-y

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