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Breeding performance of the second generation in some bivoltine populations of Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae) in the south-eastern Alps

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Abstract

The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is one of the most extensively studied European forest pests. Gaps exist in the knowledge about second generation breeding performance in bivoltine populations. In this study, the breeding performance of the second generation was evaluated in three bivoltine populations of I. typographus in the SE Alps. Length of the maternal galleries (from 40.5 to 44.8 mm), population growth rate (PGR; from 0.7 to 3.6), and emerged adults per m2 (from 669 to 1,570 insects/m2) varied among populations and were negatively correlated with bark colonisation density. Pheromone traps set up in the three investigated forests differed in the number of trapped beetles, with mean captures ranging between 5,310 and 19,850 insects per trap. The populations giving the highest captures in the traps showed the lowest bark colonisation density (248 vs. 489 maternal galleries per m2) and the best breeding performance. The populations of parasitoids and predators corresponded to just 1–9 and 2–10% of the emerging I. typographus adults, respectively, and phloem temperature never reached thresholds lethal to I. typographus. Interspecific competition was negligible, whereas intraspecific competition was found to be the main factor affecting the breeding performance of the second generation, although with different intensity according to the colonisation density. It is hypothesised that competition with the first generation and spring precipitation influence the number of suitable hosts available to the second generation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Fabio Stergulc, Olle Anderbrant, Andrea Battisti, Marc Kenis and two anonymous referees for their constructive comments on earlier versions of the manuscript, and to Alison Garside for linguistic proofreading. Special thanks go to Massimo Stroppa and the foresters of the Forest Centre of Pinzano al Tagliamento and Pontebba for their help and assistance during field experiments. We are grateful to Marc Kenis and K. van Achterberg who identified parasitoids. The research was partially supported by the project “BAUSINVE”—Direzione Centrale delle Risorse Agricole, Naturali, Forestali e della Montagna—Regione Autonoma Friuli—Venezia Giulia (Italy), and by the PRIN project, prot. 200774ENMR: “Climatic change and Italian pine pests: a model study”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Production, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy

    Massimo Faccoli

  2. Department of Biology and Plant Protection, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Iris Bernardinelli

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  1. Massimo Faccoli
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  2. Iris Bernardinelli
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Correspondence to Massimo Faccoli.

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Communicated by C. Stauffer

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Faccoli, M., Bernardinelli, I. Breeding performance of the second generation in some bivoltine populations of Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae) in the south-eastern Alps. J Pest Sci 84, 15–23 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-010-0320-7

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