Skip to main content

Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Method Development for Sensitive Monitoring of Rotenone in Lake Waters

Chromatographia volume 83, pages 241–247 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Rotenone, a naturally occurring isoflavone compound, is applied to water as a piscicide to manage undesired fish populations in lakes, ponds, rivers and in aquaculture. A rapid and sensitive method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching (LVSS) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) has been developed for the identification and quantification of rotenone in lake water. Several experimental parameters for MEKC, LVSS and SPE were investigated to achieve the optimum conditions necessary for the analysis. The optimized conditions which included a background electrolyte containing 20 mM sodium borate and 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at pH 10 were used to successfully detect rotenone within 17 min. Using a combined SPE and LVSS approach, the rotenone signal was enhanced by 1000-fold compared with a normal capillary electrophoresis analysis, and limits of detection and quantification obtained were 3 and 10 μg L−1, respectively. The calibration curve was linear for rotenone concentration over the range of 10–100 μg L−1 and the method was highly reproducible with the relative standard deviation of the peak areas and migration times for method intra-day repeatability (n = 6) found to be 5.4% and 0.6%, respectively. Quantitative recoveries ranging from 85 to 88% were obtained in the lake water matrices. The potential of the proposed method to be used for quantitative determination of rotenone at trace level concentrations in water samples was demonstrated by analyzing lake water samples including surface (1 m) and bottom (13 m), which makes it a suitable practical method for analyzing rotenone residues in water.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  1. Finlayson B, Schnick R, Skaar D, Anderson J, Demong L, Duffield D, Horton W, Steinkjer J (2010) Planning and standard operating procedures for the use of rotenone in fish management—rotenone SOP manual. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gupta RC (2014) In: Wexler P (ed) Encyclopedia of toxicology, 3rd edn. Elsevier, London

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lazo CR, Guillot TS, Miller GW (2014) In: Aminoff MJ, Daroff RB (eds) Encyclopedia of the neurological sciences, 1st edn. Elsevier, London

    Google Scholar 

  4. Booth AJ, Moss S, Weyl OLF (2015) Effect of rotenone on gill-respiring and plastron respiring insects. Afr J Aquat Sci 40:95–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fried LM, Boyer MC, Brooks MJ (2018) Amphibian response to rotenone treatment of ten alpine lakes in northwest Montana. N Am J Fish Manag 38:237–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dalu T, Wasserman RJ, Jordaan M, Froneman WP, Weyl OLF (2015) An assessment of the effect of rotenone on selected non-target aquatic fauna. PLoS One 10:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. McClay W (2000) Rotenone use in North America (1988–1997). Fisheries 25:15–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Sandvik M, Waaler T, Rundberget T, Adolfsen P, Bardal H, Sandodden R (2018) Fast and accurate on-site determination of rotenone in water during fish control treatments using liquid chromatography. Manag Biol Invasions 9:59–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sandodden R, Brazier M, Sandvik M, Moen A, Wist AN, Adolfsen P (2018) Eradication of Gyrodactylus salaris infested atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Rauma River, Norway, using rotenone. Manag Biol Invasions 9:67–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Draper WM, Dhoot JS, Perera SK (1999) Determination of rotenoids and piperonyl butoxide in water, sediments and piscicide formulations. J Environ Monit 1:519–524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Slabbert E, Jordaan MS, Weyl OLF (2014) Analysis of active rotenone concentration during treatment of the Rondegat River, Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Afr J Aquat Sci 39:467–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Di Donna L, Mazzotti F, Sindona G, Tagarelli A (2005) Assay of rotenone in river water by high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry and multiple-reaction monitoring methodology. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19:1575–1577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vasquez ME, Rinderneck J, Newman J, Mcmillin S, Finlayson B, Mekebri A, Crane D, Tjeerdema RS (2012) Rotenone formulation fate in lake Davis following the 2007 treatment. Environ Toxicol Chem 31:1032–1041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Finlayson BJ, Eilers JM, Huchko HA (2014) Fate and behavior of rotenone in Diamond lake, Oregon, USA following invasive tui chub eradication. Environ Toxicol Chem 33:1650–1655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sirén H, El Fellah S (2016) Steroids contents in waters of wastewater purification plants: determination with partial-filling micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and UV detection. Int J Environ Anal Chem 96:1003–1021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Prutthiwanasan B, Suntornsuk L (2018) Improved resolution of fluoroquinolones using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide–micellar electrokinetic chromatography and its application to residue analysis in surface water. J Chromatogr B 1092:306–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sirén H, El Fellah S (2017) Androgens, oestrogens, and progesterone concentrations in wastewater purification processes measured with capillary electrophoresis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:16765–16785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rucins M, Baron D, Plotniece A, Petr J (2018) Determination of hormone antagonists in waste-water samples by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Chromatographia 81:1607–1612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yue ME, Xu J, Hou WG (2015) Determination of five phthalate esters in running water and milk by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Anal Chem 70:1147–1152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Camargo Medrano L, Flores-Aguilar JF, Islas G, Rodríguez JA, Ibarra IS (2019) Solid-phase extraction and large-volume sample stacking-capillary electrophoresis for determination of artificial sweeteners in water samples. Food Anal Methods 12:526–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kitagawa F, Otsuka K (2014) Recent applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1335:43–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Martínez D, Cugat MJ, Borrull F, Calull M (2000) Solid-phase extraction coupling to capillary electrophoresis with emphasis on environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 902:65–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Holm A, Molander P, Lendanes E, Greibrokk T (2003) Determination of rotenone in river water utilizing packed capillary column switching liquid chromatography with UV and time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection. J Cromatogr A 983:43–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Yang M, Chen Y, Liu J, Ma J, Huai L (2011) Determination of trace rotenone by UV–Vis spectrophotometry using molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres. J Anal Chem 66:820–823

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Reregistration eligibility decision for rotenone (2007) United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://archive.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/web/pdf/rotenone_red.pdf. Accessed 20 Aug 2019

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) for the fellowship awarded to Iran Ocaña-Rios (scholar number 273473) and Programa de Movilidad Internacional from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Financial support of this work was provided by a Discovery Grant to KKD from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for the capillary electrophoresis instrument is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sección de Química Analítica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico

    José de Jesús Olmos-Espejel

  2. Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Iran Ocaña-Rios & Araceli Peña-Alvarez

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada

    Cyrene J. Catenza & Kingsley K. Donkor

Authors
  1. José de Jesús Olmos-Espejel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iran Ocaña-Rios
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Araceli Peña-Alvarez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cyrene J. Catenza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kingsley K. Donkor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kingsley K. Donkor.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Jesús Olmos-Espejel, J., Ocaña-Rios, I., Peña-Alvarez, A. et al. Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Method Development for Sensitive Monitoring of Rotenone in Lake Waters. Chromatographia 83, 241–247 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-019-03822-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-019-03822-w

Keywords

  • Rotenone
  • Micellar electrokinetic chromatography
  • Large-volume sample stacking
  • Solid-phase extraction
  • Lake water