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Development of a Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvent for the Simultaneous Determination of 11 Drugs in Urine by GC–MS

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Abstract

A new and green liquid–liquid microextraction method based on a switchable hydrophilicity solvent for the determination of 11 drugs in urine is presented for the first time. The protonated N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine was used as an extraction solvent and sodium hydroxide was injected as a trigger for organic-phase separation. The extraction procedure has been optimized and investigated in this study. The intraday and interday recovery ranged from 73.8 to 103.0% and the relative standard deviations were in the range from 2.2 to 13.5% (n = 5). The linear range was from 5.0 to 2000.0 µg L−1, and R2 was greater than 0.99, and the limit of detection was in the range from 0.36 to 12.50 µg L−1. The proposed method may be a useful procedure for the determination of 11 drugs in urine, and easily incorporated into routine testing for a laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China

    Fangmin Xu & Lingyun Liu

  2. Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Changzhou, Jiangsu, China

    Qiang Li & Haibo Li

  3. Institute of Forensic Science, Public Security Bureau of Wuxi, Jiangsu, China

    Wanli Wei

Authors
  1. Fangmin Xu
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  2. Qiang Li
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  3. Wanli Wei
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  4. Lingyun Liu
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  5. Haibo Li
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Correspondence to Fangmin Xu.

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Xu, F., Li, Q., Wei, W. et al. Development of a Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method Based on a Switchable Hydrophilicity Solvent for the Simultaneous Determination of 11 Drugs in Urine by GC–MS. Chromatographia 81, 1695–1703 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3643-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3643-9

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