Abstract
A hyphenated sequential injection ion chromatography–flow injection analysis (SIIC–FIA) system is proposed for post column derivatization capable of using murexide, an unstable but commonly available reagent, for the determination of calcium and magnesium in a mixture. A short ion exchange column was modified from a 4.6 mm × 10 mm C18 monolithic guard column. Calcium/magnesium mixture and murexide were used as model analytes and derivatizing agent, respectively. The FIA post column allows the use of unstable chromogenic reagents. The continuous flow of liquid also helped to stabilize the signal baseline during detection. A single concentration based calibration graph was demonstrated. The system requires low volumes of standard/sample (5–50 µL) and mobile phase (4.50 mL), and offers sample throughput at 8 h−1 without the need for long column calibration. Detection limits were 0.5 and 0.1 µg for Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively. Working ranges were 1–5 µg Ca2+ and 0.2–1 µg Mg2+. Analyses of well and drinking water samples were demonstrated and validated with the standard complexometric titration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jeffery GH, Bassett J, Mendham J, Denney RC (1989) Vogel’s textbook of quantitative chemical analysis, 5th edn. Wiley, New York, p 328
Krejčová A, Černohorský T, Čurdová E (2001) J Anal At Spectrom 16:1002–1005
Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Eaton AD (1999) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, p 365
Garcia-Fernández R, Garcia-Alonso JI, Sanz-Medel A (2004) J Chromatogr A 1033:127–133
Grudpan K, Jakmunee J, Vaneesorn Y, Watanesk S, Maung UA, Sooksamiti P (1998) Talanta 46:1245–1257
Paull B, Macka M, Haddad PR (1997) J Chromatogr A 789:329–337
Mesquita RBR, Rangel AOSS (2004) Anal Sci 20:1205–1210
Šatínský D, Huclová J, Solich P, Karlíček R (2003) J Chromatgr A 1015:239–244
Šatínský D, Neto I, Solich P, Sklenářová H, Conceicão M, Montenegro BSM, Araújo AN (2004) J Sep Sci 27:529–536
Chocholouš P, Solich P, Šatínský D (2007) Anal Chim Acta 600:129–135
Kradtap Hartwell S, Kehling A, Lapanantnoppakhun S, Grudpan K (2013) Anal Lett 46:1640–1671
Xu Q, Mori M, Tanaka K, Ikedo M, Hu W (2004) J Chromatogr A 1026:191–194
Horstkotte B, Jarošová P, Chocholouš P, Sklenářová H, Solich P (2015) Talanta 136:75–83
Pepadoyannis IN, Zotou A (2002) Ion-pairing techniques. Encyclopedia of chromatography. Marcel Dekker Inc. http://quimica.udea.edu.co/~carlopez/cromatohplc/hplc_ion_pair_rew_2004.pdf. Accessed 10 May 2018
Potazsnik A, Szymczyk S (2015) J Elementol 20:677–692
Zelensky I, Hybernova A, Kaniansky (1997) Chem Pap 51:221–225
HajÓs P (2002) J Chromatogr A 955:1–8
Spare PD (1964) Clin Chem 10:726–729
Pollard FH, Martin JV (1956) Analyst 81:348–353
Barron L, Nesterenko PN, Diamond D, O’Toole M, Lau KT, Paull B (2006) Anal Chim Acta 577:32–37
Baron A, Guzman M, Ruzicka J, Christian GD (1992) Analyst 117:1839–1844
Shrivastava A, Gupta VB (2011) Chron Young Sci 2:21–25
Berthod A, Garciía-Alvarez-Coque C (2000) Micellar liquid chromatography. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, p 175
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program. Support by TRF Distinguished Research Professor Award (to KG) is also acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun declares that he has no conflict of interest. Lucksagoon Ganranoo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Supaporn Kradtap Hartwell declares that she has no conflict of interest. Kate Grudpan declares that he has no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lapanantnoppakhun, S., Ganranoo, L., Kradtap Hartwell, S. et al. Sequential Injection Ion Chromatography with Flow Injection Post Column Derivatization Capable of Using the Unstable Reagent Murexide to Determine Calcium and Magnesium in a Mixture. Chromatographia 81, 1269–1276 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3575-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3575-4