Abstract
Owing to the high toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their low content in the environment, the development of efficient analysis methods is very important. In this work, an extraction tube was developed through filling barium sulfate nanoparticle-coated basalt fibers (BFs) in a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) tube. According to the characterization result by scanning electron microscopy, BFs were evenly covered with barium sulfate nanoparticles, and their diameter was about 11 µm. To sensitively determine PAHs, the extraction tube was connected to a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument with diode array detector for an online enrichment and detection method. By optimizing sampling volume, sampling rate, the content of methanol in sample and desorption time, the analysis method provided a wide linear range (0.30–20 µg L− 1) and high enrichment ratio (71–2095), and was useful for the efficient detection of PAHs in environmental aqueous samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wenzl T, Simon R, Anklam E, Kleiner J (2006) Analytical methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food and the environment needed for new food legislation in the European Union. TrAC-Trend Anal Chem 25:716–725
Cappelinia LT, Cordeiroa D, Brondib SH, Prieto KR, Vieira EM (2012) Development of methodology for determination of pesticides residue in water by SPE/HPLC/DAD. Environ Technol 33:2299–2304
Portugal FCM, Pinto ML, Nogueira JMF (2008) Optimization of polyurethane foams for enhanced stir bar sorptive extraction of triazinic herbicides in water matrices. Talanta 77:765–773
Lasartearagones G, Lucena R, Cardenas S, Valcarcel M (2015) Use of switchable hydrophilicity solvents for the homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction of triazine herbicides from environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 38:990–995
Hussain I, Ismail RA, Sanagi MM, Wan AWI (2014) Sol-gel coated poly-propylene hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in real water samples. Desalin Water Treat 55:1488–1500
Kataoka H, Narimatsu S, Lord HL, Pawliszyn J (1999) Automated in-tube solid-phase micro extraction coupled with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of beta-blockers and metabolites in urine and serum samples. Anal Chem 71:4237–4244
Kumazawa T, Saeki K, Yanagisawa I, Uchigasaki S, Hasegawa C, Seno H, Suzuki O, Sato K (2009) Automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with HPLC/MS/MS for the determination of butyrophenone derivatives in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 394:1161–1170
Eisert R, Pawliszyn J (1997) Automated in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 69:3140–3147
Gonzalez-Toledo E, Prat MD, Alpendurada MF (2001) Solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography for the analysis of phenolic compounds in water. J Chromatogr A 923:45–52
Liompart M, Lik FM (1999) Head space solid phase microextraction (HSSPME) for the determination of volatile and semivolatile pollutants in solis. Talanta 48:451–459
Jia M, Zhang QH, Min DB (1999) Pulsed electric field processing effects on flavor compounds and microorganisms of orange juice. Food Chem 65:445–451
Lee M-R, Song Y-S, Hwang B-H, Chou C-C (2000) Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in serum via headspace derivatization solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 896:265–273
Feng J, Tian Y, Wang X, Luo C, Sun M (2018) Basalt fibers functionalized with gold nanoparticles for in-tube solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 41:1149–1155
She X-K, Wang X, Zhou J-B, Zhao R-S (2015) Porous lead(II)-based metal organic nanotubes as an adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 1423:31–38
Wen C, Li M, Li W, Li Z, Duan W, Li Y, Zhou J, Li X, Zeng J (2017) Graphene deposited onto aligned zinc oxide nanorods as an efficient coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of gasoline fractions from oil samples. J Chromatogr A 1530:45–50
Xu J, Zheng J, Tian J, Zhu F, Zeng F, Su C, Ouyang G (2013) New materials in solid phase microextraction. Trends Anal Chem 47:68–83
Aziz-Zanjani MO, Mehdinia A (2014) A review on procedures for the preparation of coatings for solid phase microextraction. Microchim Acta 181:1169–1190
Wang L, Hou X, Li J, Liu S, Guo Y (2015) Graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles as a coating on a stainless-steel fiber for solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 38:2439–2446
Acknowledgements
This research work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 21777054 and 21405061) and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. ZR2017MB043).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Feng, J., Sun, M., Wang, X. et al. Barium Sulfate Nanoparticles as a Coating for Solid-Phase Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Samples. Chromatographia 81, 1287–1292 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3568-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3568-3