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Electromembrane Extraction Using a Round-Headed Platinum Wire as the Inner Electrode: A Simple and Practical Way to Enhance the Performance of Extraction

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Abstract

Electromembrane extraction (EME) was carried out using a round-headed platinum wire as the inner electrode. The round-headed platinum electrode was prepared by a simple electrothermal process based on discharging of the electrical energy stored in a capacitor bank. The effect of the experimental parameters on the recovery of the extraction was investigated for amlodipine (AMP), verapamil (VPL) and clomipramine (CLP) as the model analytes and 2-ethyl hexanol as the supported liquid membrane solvent. It was found that the application of round-headed electrode (RHE) significantly improves the performance and stability of EME in comparison to a classical electrode. It was found that the improvement factor greatly depends on the sample properties such as the ionic strength and matrix complexity. The improvement factors for the extraction of AMP, VPL and CLP from standard solutions were 39.7, 54.4 and 43.2%, respectively. Higher improvement factors were recorded during extraction from real samples or saline solutions. Also, the application of RHE changed the extractability of AMP and VPL from complex matrices such as human plasma. The model analytes were successfully extracted from wastewater, human plasma and human urine samples with recoveries ranging from 36.3 to 88.7%. The relative standard deviations of the determinations were in the range of 8.2–14.8%.

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Abbreviations

AMP:

Amlodipine

CE:

Classical electrode

CLP:

Clomipramine

EME:

Electromembrane extraction

RHE:

Round-headed electrode

SLM:

Supported liquid membrane

VPL:

Verapamil

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research School of Physics and Accelerators, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P. O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Reza Moazami

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran

    Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani & Anita Elahi

  3. Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran

    Masoud Abrari

Authors
  1. Hamid Reza Moazami
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  2. Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani
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  3. Masoud Abrari
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  4. Anita Elahi
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Correspondence to Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani.

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Moazami, H.R., Davarani, S.S.H., Abrari, M. et al. Electromembrane Extraction Using a Round-Headed Platinum Wire as the Inner Electrode: A Simple and Practical Way to Enhance the Performance of Extraction. Chromatographia 81, 1023–1033 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3537-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3537-x

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