Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of Magnetic Graphene Nanoparticles for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Solid-Phase Microextraction

  • Original
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on ceramic–magnetic graphene (C–G/Fe3O4) nanoparticles was coated on a glass tube by sol–gel technology. Scanning electron micrographs of the fiber surface revealed a three-dimensional structure of the C–G/Fe3O4 nanoparticles making it suitable for SPME applications. Analytical application of the so-prepared fiber was evaluated through the extraction and determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in water samples. Several experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as extraction time, stirring rate, desorption conditions, salinity, and pH, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the linear response for the analytes was observed in the range 0.05–400 µg L−1 with the determination coefficients (R 2) higher than 0.9944 and the limits of detection between 5 and 60 ng L−1. The C–G/Fe3O4 SPME fiber was successfully used for the extraction of OPPs in spiked water samples prior to determination by HPLC–UV.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dietz C, Sanz J, Cámara C (2006) Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction coatings and related techniques. J Chromatogr A 1103:183–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhang H, Lee HK (2011) Plunger-in-needle solid-phase microextraction with graphene-based sol–gel coating as sorbent for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. J Chromatogr A 1218:4509–4516

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Arthur CL, Pawliszyn J (1990) Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal Chem 62:2145–2148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Xu L, Feng J, Li J, Liu X, Jiang S (2012) Graphene oxide bonded fused-silica fiber for solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. J Sep Sci 35:93–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kumar A, Malik AK, Tewary DK, Singh B (2008) A review on development of solid phase microextraction fibers by sol–gel methods and their applications. Anal Chim Acta 610:1–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Li Y, Xu H (2015) Development of a novel graphene/polyaniline electrodeposited coating for on-line in-tube solid phase microextraction of aldehydes in human exhaled breath condensate. J Chromatogr A 1395:23–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hadjmohammadi MR, Peyrovi M, Biparva P (2010) Comparison of C18 silica and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the adsorbents for the solid-phase extraction of Chlorpyrifos and Phosalone in water samples using HPLC. J Sep Sci 33:1044–1051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Li Q, Ma X, Yuan D, Chen J (2010) Evaluation of the solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with single walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 1217:2191–2196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Farajzadeh MA, Hatami M (2003) A new selective SPME fiber for some n-alkanes and its use for headspace sampling of aqueous samples. J Sep Sci 26:802–808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu Y, Shen Y, Lee ML (1997) Porous layer solid phase microextraction using silica bonded phases. Anal Chem 69:190–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Saber Tehrani M, Aberoomand Azar P, Mohammadiazar S (2013) A single step technique for preparation of porous solid phase microextraction fibers by electrochemically co-deposited silica based sol–gel/Cu nanocomposite. J Chromatogr A 1278:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tsionsky M, Gun G, Glezer V, Lev O (1994) Sol–gel–derived ceramic-carbon composite electrodes: introduction and scope of applications. Anal Chem 66:1747–1753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Shi L, Liu X, Li H, Niu W, Xu G (2006) Application of ceramic carbon materials for solid-phase extraction of organic compounds. Anal Chem 78:1345–1348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Shi L, Liu X, Li H, Xu G (2006) Electrochemiluminescent detection based on solid-phase extraction at tris(2,2‘-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii)–modified ceramic carbon electrode. Anal Chem 78:7330–7334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zeng J, Yu B, Chen W, Lin Z, Zhang L, Lin Z, Chen X, Wang X (2008) Application of ceramic/carbon composite as a novel coating for solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 1188:26–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hennion MC (2000) Graphitized carbons for solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 885:73–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang S, Niu H, Hu Z, Cai Y, Shi Y (2010) Preparation of carbon coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their application for solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 1217:4757–4764

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Heidari H, Razmi H, Jouyban A (2012) Preparation and characterization of ceramic/carbon coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle nanocomposite as a solid-phase microextraction adsorbent. J Chromatogr A 1245:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Service RF (2009) Carbon sheets an atom thick give rise to graphene dreams. Science 324:875–877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Singh V, Joung D, Zhai L, Das S, Khondaker SI, Seal S (2011) Graphene based materials: Past, present and future. Prog Mater Sci 56:1178–1271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu Q, Shi J, Jiang G (2012) Application of graphene in analytical sample preparation. TrAC Trends in Anal Chem 37:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ge S, Lan F, Yu F, Yu J (2015) Applications of graphene and related nanomaterials in analytical chemistry. New J Chem 39:2380–2395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang Y, Chen B, Zhang L, Huang J, Chen F, Yang Z, Yao J, Zhang Z (2011) Controlled assembly of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on graphene oxide. Nanoscale 3:1446–1450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yao Y, Miao S, Liu S, Ma LP, Sun H, Wang S (2012) Synthesis characterization, and adsorption properties of magnetic Fe3O4@graphene nanocomposite. Chem Eng J 184:326–332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wu Q, Feng C, Wang C, Wang Z (2013) A facile one-pot solvothermal method to produce superparamagnetic graphene-Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its application in the removal of dye from aqueous solution. Colloids Surf B 101:210–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sun X, Liu Z, Welsher K, Robinson J, Goodwin A, Zaric S, Dai H (2008) Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery. Nano Res 1:203–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ye A, Fan W, Zhang Q, Deng W, Wang Y (2012) CdS-graphene and CdS–CNT nanocomposites as visible-light photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and organic dye degradation. Catal Sci Technol 2:969–978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang P, Cao M, Wang C, Ao Y, Hou J, Qian J (2014) Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of methylene blue by a magnetic graphene-carbon nanotube composite. Appl Surf Sci 290:116–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chang YP, Ren CL, Qu JC, Chen XG (2012) Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposite and investigation of its adsorption performance for aniline and p-chloroaniline. Appl Surf Sci 261:504–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chong SL, Wang D, Hayes JD, Wilhite BW, Malik A (1997) Sol–gel coating technology for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction fibers of enhanced thermal stability. Anal Chem 69:3889–3898

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhang S, Du Z, Li G (2011) Layer-by-layer fabrication of chemical-bonded graphene coating for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chem 83:7531–7541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ai J (1997) Solid phase microextraction for quantitative analysis in non-equilibrium situations. Anal Chem 69:1230–1236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wang S, Lv S, Guo Z, Jiang F (2014) Solid-phase microextraction of methylene blue using carboxy graphene-modified steel wires, and its detection by electrochemiluminescence. Microchim Acta 181:427–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ma X, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang C, Wang Z (2014) Graphene reinforced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with hplc for the determination of bisphenol a and 4-tert-butylphenol in bottled juice. Food Anal Methods 7:1381–1386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ouyang G, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J (2011) Non-destructive sampling of living systems using in vivo solid-phase microextraction. Chem Rev 111:2784–2814

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Beltran J, Lopez FJ, Cepria O, Hernandez F (1998) Solid-phase microextraction for quantitative analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 808:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tsoutsi C, Konstantinou I, Hela D, Albanis T (2006) Screening method for organophosphorus insecticides and their metabolites in olive oil samples based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 573–574:216–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Flynt E, Dupuy A, Kennedy C, Bennett S (2006) Solid-phase microextraction of organophosphate pesticides in source waters for drinking water treatment facilities. J Chromatogr Sci 44:484–488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hu X, Zhang M, Ruan W, Zhu F, Ouyang G (2012) Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in ecological textiles by solid-phase microextraction with a siloxane-modified polyurethane acrylic resin fiber. Anal Chim Acta 736:62–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Cai L, Gong S, Chen M, Wu C (2006) Vinyl crown ether as a novel radical crosslinked sol–gel SPME fiber for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in food samples. Anal Chim Acta 559:89–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Jafari MT, Saraji M, Sherafatmand H (2014) Polypyrrole/montmorillonite nanocomposite as a new solid phase microextraction fiber combined with gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of diazinon and fenthion organophosphorus pesticides. Anal Chim Acta 814:69–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Salleh SH, Saito Y, Kiso Y, Jinno K (2001) Solventless sample preparation procedure for organophosphorus pesticides analysis using solid phase microextraction and on-line supercritical fluid extraction/high performance liquid chromatography technique. Anal Chim Acta 433:207–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical Research Lab, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P.O. Box: 53714–161, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Jabbari, Habib Razmi & Samaneh Farrokhzadeh

Authors
  1. Mohammad Jabbari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Habib Razmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Samaneh Farrokhzadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Habib Razmi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Funding

This study was funded by Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University (Grant Number 401/287).

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 387 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jabbari, M., Razmi, H. & Farrokhzadeh, S. Application of Magnetic Graphene Nanoparticles for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chromatographia 79, 985–993 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3117-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3117-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation