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Analysis of Biological Samples Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry: An Investigation of Impacts by the Substrates, Solvents and Elution Methods

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Abstract

Paper spray has been developed as a fast sampling ionization method for direct analysis of raw biological and chemical samples using mass spectrometry (MS). Quantitation of therapeutic drugs in blood samples at high accuracy has also been achieved using paper spray MS without traditional sample preparation or chromatographic separation. The paper spray ionization is a process integrated with a fast extraction of the analyte from the raw sample by a solvent, the transport of the extracted analytes on the paper, and a spray ionization at the tip of the paper substrate with a high voltage applied. In this study, the influence on the analytical performance by the solvent–substrate systems and the selection of the elution methods was investigated. The protein hemoglobin could be observed from fresh blood samples on silanized paper or from dried blood spots on silica-coated paper. The on-paper separation of the chemicals during the paper spray was characterized through the analysis of a mixture of the methyl violet 2B and methylene blue. The mode of applying the spray solvent was found to have a significant impact on the separation. The results in this study led to a better understanding of the analyte elution, on-paper separation, as well as the ionization processes of the paper spray. This study also helps in establishing a guideline for optimizing the analytical performance of paper spray for direct analysis of target analytes using mass spectrometry.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CHE 0847205), National Science Foundation Instrumentation Development for Biological Research (DBI 0852740), National Center for Research Resources (5R21RR031246-03) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8 R21 GM103454) from the National Institutes of Health, and the Alfred Mann Institute at Purdue University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Yue Ren, He Wang, Jiangjiang Liu, Zhiping Zhang, Morgan N. McLuckey & Zheng Ouyang

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  1. Yue Ren
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  2. He Wang
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  3. Jiangjiang Liu
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  4. Zhiping Zhang
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  5. Morgan N. McLuckey
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  6. Zheng Ouyang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zheng Ouyang.

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Published in the topical collection Miniaturized and New Featured Planar Chromatography and Related Techniques with guest editor Paweł K. Zarzycki.

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Ren, Y., Wang, H., Liu, J. et al. Analysis of Biological Samples Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry: An Investigation of Impacts by the Substrates, Solvents and Elution Methods. Chromatographia 76, 1339–1346 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-013-2458-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-013-2458-y

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