Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ion-Pair Single-Drop Microextraction Determinations of Degradation Products of Chemical Warfare Agents in Water

  • Original
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ion-pair single-drop microextraction (SDME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) methods for the determination of four degradation products of chemical warfare agents were investigated in water. Acidic analytes were converted into their ion-pair complexes with cation surfactants in aqueous sample and then extracted into the organic single drop containing the derivatising agent. Upon injection, the analytes were derivatised in the GC injection hot port. Parameters, such as type of extraction solvent, ion-pairing (IP) reagent, reagent concentration, salt concentration, stirring speed and pH, were all optimized. This method is reproducible for spiked water sample for four different analytes (RSDs < 9.33 %, n = 5) and linear (r 2 > 0.9945). The limit of detection (LOD) is in the range of 0.08–0.01 ng mL−1 (S/N = 5) under GC–MS selected ion monitoring mode. The method was successfully applied to the proficiency test samples from the Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kim K, Tsay OG, Atwood DA, Chruchill DG (2011) Chem Rev 111:5345–5403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Pragney D, Saradhi U (2012) Trends Anal Chem 37:73–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Suffet IH (1973) J Agric Food Chem 21:591–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Catalina MI, Dalluge J, Vreuls RJJ, Brinkman UAT (2000) J Chromatogr A 877:153–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Saradhi U, Prabhakar S, Reddy TJ, Vairamani M (2006) J Chromatogr A 1129:9–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Saradhi U, Prabhakar S, Reddy TJ, Murty M (2007) J Chromatogr A 1157:391–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Popiel S, Sankowska M (2011) J Chromatogr A 1218:8457–8479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Lakso HA, Ng WF (1997) Anal Chem 69:1866–1872

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Palit M, Pardasani D, Gupta AK, Dubey DK (2005) Anal Chem 77:711–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu Y, Zhao EC, Zhou ZQ (2006) Anal Lett 39:2333–2344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Park YG, Kim SK, Choi K, Son BH, Park JS, Kang HK (2009) Bull Kor Chem Soc 30:49–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Blau K, Halket JM (1993) Handbook of derivatives for chromatography. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  13. Pardasani D, Kanaujia PK, Gupta AK, Tak V, Shrivastava RK, Dubey DK (2007) J Chromatogr A 1141:151–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wu JM, Lee HK (2006) Anal Chem 78:7292–7301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Black RM, Muir B (2003) J Chromatogr A 1000:253–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wu J, Lee HK (2006) J Chromatogr A 1133:13–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee HSN, Sng MT, Basheer C, Lee HK (2007) J Chromatogr A 1148:8–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Stenerson, K.K (2007) GC-MS Analysis of Amino acids. Sigma-Aldrich/Supelco. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Bulletin/rep28.Par.0001.File.tmp/rep28.pdf

  19. Xu L, Basheer C, Lee HK (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:701–707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tak V, Kanaujia PK, Pardasani D, Kumar R, Srivastava RK, Gupta AK (2007) J Chromatogr A 1161:198–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lee HSN, Basheer C, Lee HK (2006) J Chromatogr A 1124:91–96

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Fiamegos YC, Kefala AP, Stalikas CD (2008) J Chromatogr A 1190:44–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Dubey DK, Pardasani D, Gupta AK, Palit M, Kanaujia PK, Tak V (2006) J Chromatogr A 1107:29–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shrivas K, Wu HF (2007) J Mass Spectrom 42:1637–1644

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Support of the Agency for Defense Development for this research is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, 139-799, South Korea

    Yang Ki Park, Woo Young Chung, Young-sik Kye & Dongwook Kim

  2. Department of Chemistry Analysis, The Chemical Defence Research Institute, Seoul, 137-180, South Korea

    Byungsub Kim & Moon-sik Shin

Authors
  1. Yang Ki Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Woo Young Chung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Byungsub Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Young-sik Kye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Moon-sik Shin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Dongwook Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Moon-sik Shin or Dongwook Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Park, Y.K., Chung, W.Y., Kim, B. et al. Ion-Pair Single-Drop Microextraction Determinations of Degradation Products of Chemical Warfare Agents in Water. Chromatographia 76, 679–685 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-013-2431-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-013-2431-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation