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Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic/Microwave-Assisted Extraction Combined with UPLC for the Determination of Anthraquinones in Rhubarb

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Abstract

Ionic liquid-based ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction (IL-UMAE) of five anthraquinones (physcion, chrysophanol, emodin, rhein, and aloe-emodin) from rhubarb was first studied. Several parameters of UMAE were optimized, and the results were compared with of the heat-reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasound, and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE and UAE). The optimal UMAE conditions were as follows: the solvent was 2.0 mol L−1 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [bmim]Br solution, the ration of solid/liquid (g mL−1) was 1:15, time was 2 min, and microwave power was 500 W. Under these UMAE conditions, total content of five anthraquinones was 28.00 mg g−1. Compared with the conventional HRE, regular MAE and UAE techniques, the proposed approach exhibited higher efficiency (18.90–24.40% enhanced) and shorter extraction time (from 6 h to 2 min). The anthraquinones were then determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Based on optimized conditions, contents of physcion, chrysophanol, emodin, rhein and aloe-emodin in rhubarb collected from different cultivated areas were 0.68–2.99, 5.03–15.40, 0.48–4.34, 0.025–3.93 and 0.26–2.56 mg g−1, respectively. This study suggests that IL-UMAE was an efficient, rapid, simple and green preparation technique.

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Acknowledgments

This research work was jointly supported by the Project of Key Open Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology from Ministry of Agriculture (No. BZ2009-24) and the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China (nycytx-49).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of China

    Chunxia Lu, Hongxin Wang, Wenping Lv & Chaoyang Ma

  2. Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Open Lab for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanshui East Road No. 9, Wuxi, 214081, People’s Republic of China

    Pao Xu, Jian Zhu, Jun Xie, Bo liu & Qunlan Zhou

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  1. Chunxia Lu
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  2. Hongxin Wang
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  5. Pao Xu
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  8. Bo liu
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  9. Qunlan Zhou
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Correspondence to Hongxin Wang.

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Lu, C., Wang, H., Lv, W. et al. Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic/Microwave-Assisted Extraction Combined with UPLC for the Determination of Anthraquinones in Rhubarb. Chromatographia 74, 139–144 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-011-2023-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-011-2023-5

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