Skip to main content
Log in

Effects of winter weather conditions on abundance fluctuations in a nest box breeding population of the Common Merganser Mergus merganser in the southern coast of Finland

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Ornithology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Earlier studies based on censuses of adult birds in spring suggest that the Common Merganser Mergus merganser population in Finland has been rather stable during the last few decades. However, in the beginning of the 1990s, a population increase was followed by a decline. Contrary to the trends detected in breeding populations, wintering populations of the species have increased in Finland and elsewhere in Europe. Along with warming winters, wintering areas have shifted gradually towards northeast. In the present study, a coastal population of the Common Merganser breeding in nest boxes was monitored between 2004 and 2022 in southern Finland. The role of winter weather conditions in population fluctuations and changes was examined. The weather conditions during two preceding winters reflected in the population fluctuations of mergansers. The number of nests in nest boxes increased following increasing winter temperatures in the northeastern end of the wintering area (near the breeding area). The breeding population decreased after warm winters in the southwestern end of the wintering area (far from the breeding area). The present results suggest that established populations decrease after warm winters, because young birds that have not yet bred have shifted to overwinter and breed further eastwards than in general.

Zusammenfassung

Auswirkung der winterlichen Witterungsbedingungen auf die Häufigkeitsschwankungen einer nistkastenbrütenden Population des Gänsesägers Mergus merganser an der Südküste Finnlands

Frühere Studien auf der Grundlage von Zählungen adulter Vögel im Frühjahr lassen vermuten, dass die Population des Gänsesägers Mergus merganser in Finnland während der letzten Jahrzehnte relativ stabil geblieben ist. Jedoch folgte auf einen Populationsanstieg in den frühen 1990er Jahren ein Populationsrückgang. Im Gegensatz zu den Trends, die bei den Brutpopulationen beobachtet wurden, haben die Überwinterungspopulationen dieser Art in Finnland und anderen Gebieten Europas zugenommen. In Verbindung mit wärmeren Wintern haben sich die Überwinterungsgebiete allmählich nach Nordosten verschoben. In dieser Studie wurde eine Küstenpopulation von Gänsesägern, die in Nistkisten brütet, zwischen 2004 und 2022 in Südfinnland erfasst. Es wurde untersucht, welche Rolle die winterlichen Witterungsbedingungen für die Schwankungen und Veränderungen der Population spielen. Die Witterungsverhältnisse der jeweils zwei vorherigen Winter spiegeln sich in den Populationsschwankungen des Gänsesägers wider. Die Anzahl der Nester in den Nistkästen nahm mit zunehmenden Wintertemperaturen am nordöstlichen Ende des Überwinterungsgebiets (nahe dem Brutgebiet) zu. Die Brutpopulation nahm nach warmen Wintern am südwestlichen Ende des Überwinterungsgebiets (abseits des Brutgebiets) ab. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass seit langem bestehende Populationen nach warmen Wintern zurückgehen, da junge Individuen, die noch nicht gebrütet haben, weiter östlich überwintern und brüten, als es bisher der Fall war.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data are available in Online Resource 2.

References

Download references

Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the anonymous referees and all those people who collaborated in settling the nest boxes and monitoring birds.

Funding

No external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

TS conceived the study and KaU was responsible for the fieldwork. TS wrote the original draft and both authors approved the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tapio Solonen.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by C. Barbraud.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 141 KB)

Supplementary file2 (XLSX 17 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Solonen, T., af Ursin, K. Effects of winter weather conditions on abundance fluctuations in a nest box breeding population of the Common Merganser Mergus merganser in the southern coast of Finland. J Ornithol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-024-02164-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-024-02164-1

Keywords

Navigation