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Migration routes and timing in a bird wintering in South Asia, the Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus

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Abstract

Only few bird species from Western Europe migrate eastward to wintering areas in South Asia, and little is known about this migratory flyway. The Common Rosefinch has in the past century expanded its breeding range westward to include Western Europe and migrate along this flyway to wintering sites in South Asia. This is the first study describing the migration routes of Common Rosefinches between Europe and Asia in detail, revealed by light level geolocators. The rosefinches showed loop-migration with more northerly routes in autumn than in spring, possibly in order to shorten the flight over the Central Asian deserts, which are very inhospitable at this time of the year. In spring the deserts are less dry and richer in vegetation, which may have supported the more southerly routes. During autumn migration the birds used several staging sites in Central Asia for prolonged periods. Although the birds passed over mountain regions at this time, which potentially act as barriers to them, the length of the stops seem unrealistically long for only fuel deposition. Instead, this suggests that the birds temporarily suspended migration to take advantage of abundant and predictable food sources in this region. During spring migration the birds made a few longer stops while still in north India or Central Asia, before migrating at fast speeds towards the breeding grounds. The birds covered 4–5000 km with only very short stopovers and thus most of the fuel used on spring migration must have been accumulated in Asia. Our results thus indicate that Central Asia, and north India, are important staging areas for this species in both autumn and spring. During winter, birds used two sites located several hundred kilometres apart, and relocation was probably a response to local food availability.

Zusammenfassung

Zugrouten und zeitlicher Ablauf des Zuges beim in Südasien überwinternden Karmingimpel ( Carpodacus erythrinus )

Nur wenige Vogelarten Westeuropas ziehen ostwärts zu Winterquartieren in Südasien, und über diesen Zugweg ist nur wenig bekannt. Der Karmingimpel hat im Lauf des vergangenen Jahrhunderts seine Brutgebiete westwärts über Westeuropa ausgedehnt und zieht entlang dieser Route zu Überwinterungsgebieten in Südasien. Dies ist die erste Studie, welche die Zugwege der Karmingimpel zwischen Europa und Asien mittels Daten von Hell-Dunkel-Geolokatoren detailliert beschreibt. Die Karmingimpel zeigten einen Schleifenzug, bei dem sie im Herbst weiter nördlich verlaufende Routen nutzten als im Frühjahr, möglicherweise um den Flug über die zentralasiatischen Wüsten zu verkürzen, die zu dieser Jahreszeit äußerst unwirtlich sind. Im Frühling sind die Wüsten weniger trocken und vegetationsreicher, was die südlicheren Routen begünstigt haben könnte. Auf dem Herbstzug nutzten die Vögel über ausgedehnte Zeiträume hinweg mehrere Rast- und Sammelplätze in Zentralasien. Obgleich die Vögel zu dieser Zeit über Gebirgsregionen zogen, die potenzielle Hindernisse für sie darstellen, erscheint die Dauer der Rastaufenthalte unrealistisch lang, um nur dem Auffüllen der Energiereserven zu dienen. Stattdessen deutet dies darauf hin, dass die Vögel den Zug vorübergehend unterbrachen, um die reichlichen und verlässlichen Nahrungsquellen dieser Region zu nutzen. Auf dem Frühjahrszug machten die Vögel noch in Nordindien oder Zentralasien ein paar längere Rastpausen, bevor sie in raschem Tempo weiter in die Brutgebiete flogen. Die Vögel legten mit sehr kurzen Unterbrechungen 4–5000 km zurück; somit muss der Großteil der auf dem Frühjahrszug verbrauchten Energiereserven in Asien angelegt worden sein. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten daher an, dass Zentralasien und Nordindien für diese Art sowohl im Herbst als auch im Frühjahr bedeutende Rast- und Sammelregionen sind. Während des Winters nutzten die Vögel zwei mehrere 100 km voneinander entfernte Gebiete, und Ortswechsel waren vermutlich Reaktionen auf lokale Nahrungsverfügbarkeit.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Tuomo Kolehmainen for valuable assistance during fieldwork. We are grateful to Dr. Victor N. Bulyuk and one anonymous reviewer for improving the original manuscript. We would also like to extend our gratitude to Dr. Victor N. Bulyuk for generously sharing data on Rosefinches from studies published in Russian. Birds were captured and ringed with permission from the Swedish Bird Ringing Centre, Swedish Museum of Natural History. The procedure of this study was reviewed and approved by the regional Swedish Ethical Committee (permit Stockholm Södra Djurförsöksetiska nämnd Dnr S 41-11).

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Correspondence to Robert Stach.

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Communicated by N. Chernetsov.

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Stach, R., Kullberg, C., Jakobsson, S. et al. Migration routes and timing in a bird wintering in South Asia, the Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus . J Ornithol 157, 671–679 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-016-1329-3

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