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Effects of low-dose oxygen administration on renal blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI in children with glomerulonephritis

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Abstract

Objective

Children are often sedated for renal blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and may require low-dose oxygen administration. It is unclear whether low-dose oxygen administration affects results of BOLD MRI. We investigated the effect of low-dose oxygen administration on renal BOLD MRI and its variation by the presence or absence of renal disease.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively examined children undergoing MRI for renal disease between 2013 and 2020. Patients were divided into glomerulonephritis and non-glomerulonephritis groups; spin relaxation time (T2*) was determined using a 3.0 T MRI system.

Results

The study included 10 children (5 patients in each group); patient characteristics between the groups did not differ significantly. In the entire cohort, oxygen administration reduced mean spin relaxation rate (R2*) value in the medulla (p < 0.04). The mean R2* value decreased with oxygen administration in the non-glomerulonephritis group, whereas this was not observed in the glomerulonephritis group. The responses to oxygen administration of the two groups differed significantly in the cortex (p < 0.05) and medulla (p < 0.02).

Discussion

Low-dose oxygen administration affects the results of BOLD MRI. We suggest that understanding the fluctuations due to oxygen administration is useful in monitoring the disease activity of glomerulonephritis.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed in the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BOLD:

Blood oxygenation level-dependent

CAKUT:

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

RAS:

Renin–angiotensin system

RN:

Reflux nephropathy

ROI:

Region of interest

TLCO:

Twelve-layer concentric objects

VUR:

Vesicoureteral reflux

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Acknowledgements

The authors would also like to thank Dr. Bastien Milani of the Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, for his technical advice.

Funding

This study received no specific grants from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan

    Tomohiko Nishino, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Sayaka Ono & Masakazu Mimaki

Authors
  1. Tomohiko Nishino
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  2. Kazuhiro Takahashi
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  3. Sayaka Ono
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  4. Masakazu Mimaki
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Contributions

The authors TN and KT contributed equally to this work. Study conception and design; TN: study conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript, and critical revision. KT: study conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and critical revision. SO: study conception and design, and critical revision. MM: study conception and design, and critical revision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tomohiko Nishino.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Teikyo University Ethical Review Board for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects (Approval No. 20-195-2). All the procedures in studies involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Consent to participate/consent for publication

The study plan outline was presented on Teikyo University website, where patients and their guardians could ask questions about the study and opt out from the use of their data. Informed consent to participate and publication was obtained on the day before MRI. The study was explained to all patients and their parents/guardians in plain language with explanatory documents, and written consent for participation in research and publication was obtained from the parents/guardians of all subjects. At the same time, it was clarified that the parents/guardians had the right to refuse participation and withdraw consent at will.

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Nishino, T., Takahashi, K., Ono, S. et al. Effects of low-dose oxygen administration on renal blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI in children with glomerulonephritis. Magn Reson Mater Phy 34, 823–831 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-021-00945-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-021-00945-w

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