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Effect of intermittent irrigation following the system of rice intensification (SRI) on rice yield in a farmer’s paddy fields in Indonesia

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Abstract

System of rice intensification (SRI) has been disseminated in many countries because of its high yield, although the mechanism of yield increase has yet to be fully understood. The aims of this study were to clarify the actual water management of a skilled SRI farmer in irrigated paddy field of Indonesia and to examine the effect of intermittent water management on rice growth and yield. Yield and yield components were compared in the field experiments in the farmer’s fields under intermittent (SRI) or flooded (FL) irrigation for 4 years from 2013 to 2016. The daily mean water depth of SRI plots during 0–40 days after transplanting showed very shallow (ca. 2 cm) or little lower than soil surface and continued to be lower than soil surface during reproductive stage when panicles were formed. The yield of SRI significantly exceeded that of FL for 4 years by 13% (P = 0.0004), so did the panicle numbers per area (P = 0.036). The yield increase in SRI was associated with the increased number of panicles, which should have resulted from enhanced tiller development under shallow water level during the vegetative stage. The increased number of panicles was, however, counteracted by the reduced number of spikelets per panicle and resulted in nonsignificant increase in the spikelet density, defined as number of spikelets per unit area of crop. This dampening change in spikelet number per panicle could have been caused by limited supply of either nitrogen or carbohydrate during the panicle development stage under the intermittent water supply. A greater yield increase by SRI could be expected by improving nutrient or water management during the reproductive stage.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the sincere and continued cooperation of the skilled farmer Mr. Suparno of Gemawang village for this study. We also thank Dr. Benito, Prof Sigit Supadmo, Rizki Maftukhah, Fadila, Umi Hapsari, lecturers and students of Gadjah Mada University for their kind cooperation to continue this research.

Funding

Funding was provided by The Directorate of Higher Education,Ministry of Natinal Education,Republic of Indonesia (Grant No. 2271/UN1.P.III/DIT-LIT/LT/2017), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant No. 23255014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho

  2. Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan

    Kazunobu Toriyama & Shigeki Yokoyama

  3. Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuhiko Kobayashi & Masaru Mizoguchi

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia

    Chusnul Arif

Authors
  1. Bayu Dwi Apri Nugroho
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  2. Kazunobu Toriyama
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  3. Kazuhiko Kobayashi
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  4. Chusnul Arif
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  5. Shigeki Yokoyama
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  6. Masaru Mizoguchi
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Correspondence to Kazunobu Toriyama.

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Nugroho, B.D.A., Toriyama, K., Kobayashi, K. et al. Effect of intermittent irrigation following the system of rice intensification (SRI) on rice yield in a farmer’s paddy fields in Indonesia. Paddy Water Environ 16, 715–723 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-018-0663-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-018-0663-x

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