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Tracing the fate of nitrogen with 15N isotope considering suitable fertilizer rate related to yield and environment impacts in paddy field

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Abstract

While the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is believed to dramatically influence rice fields and improve the soil conditions in paddy fields, fertilization with low use efficiency and nitrogen loss may cause environmental pollution. In this paper, 15N-labeled urea was used to trace the fate of nitrogen at four rates (0, 75, 225 and 375 kg N/ha) of urea fertilizer over three split applications in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, in 2014. Plant biomass, the soil nitrogen content of different layers, NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions were determined using the 15N abundance to calculate the portion from nitrogen fertilizer. The results indicated that rice yields increased with the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer. NH3 volatilization is the main nitrogen loss pathway, and N2O emissions were significantly associated with nitrogen application rates in the paddy. The percent of nitrogen loss by NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions increased with the nitrogen application rate. This study showed that the suitable N fertilizer in a loam clay paddy, considering the yield requirements and environmental issues, is approximately 225 kg N/ha in Hangzhou, with a distribution of 50.06% of the residual in the rice and soil and 48.77% loss as NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions. The nitrate from fertilization mainly remained in the 0–20 cm level of the topsoil.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61174089). We thank Mr. Changshui Ge and other professionals from Hangzhou Academy of Agriculture Science for their kind help in the experimental trial and field management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Yiming Zhong, Xiaopeng Wang, Jingping Yang & Xing Zhao

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  1. Yiming Zhong
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  2. Xiaopeng Wang
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  3. Jingping Yang
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  4. Xing Zhao
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Correspondence to Jingping Yang.

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Zhong, Y., Wang, X., Yang, J. et al. Tracing the fate of nitrogen with 15N isotope considering suitable fertilizer rate related to yield and environment impacts in paddy field. Paddy Water Environ 15, 943–949 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0606-y

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