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Long-term evaluation of the BMPs scenarios in reducing nutrient surface loads from paddy rice cultivation in Korea using the CREAMS-PADDY model

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Abstract

Curbing nutrient loads from rice cultivation has been an issue for the water quality management of surface water bodies in the Asian monsoon region. The objectives of this study were to develop paddy BMP scenarios and to evaluate their effectiveness on nutrient loads reduction using long-term model simulation. Totally five BMP scenarios were developed based on the three paddy farming factors of drainage outlet height, fertilizer type, and application amount and were compared with conventional practices. CREAMS-PADDY model was chosen for the paddy nutrient simulation, and two-year field experimental data were used for the model calibration and validation. The validated model was used to evaluate the developed BMP scenarios for the 46 years of simulation period. The observed nutrient loads were 15.2 and 1.45 kg/ha for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, and mainly occurred by early season drainage and rainfall runoff in summer. The long-term simulation showed that the soil test-based fertilization and drainage outlet raising practice were the two most effective methods in nutrient loads reduction. The combination of these two resulted in the greatest loads reduction by 29 and 37 % for T-N and T-P, respectively (p value < 0.001). Overall the effectiveness of the BMP scenarios was decreased in the wet season. As the conclusion, outlet height control and soil nutrient-based fertilization were suggested as the effective practices in paddy loads reduction and their combination can be a practicable BMP scenario for the paddy nutrient management.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by funds provided to the Rural Research Institute of Korea Rural Community Corporation by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs as part of the project: “Development of improved farming methods for agricultural non-point source pollution reduction.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea

    Inhong Song

  2. Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea

    Jung-Hun Song, Jeong Hoon Ryu & Kyeung Kim

  3. Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation, An-San, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea

    Jeong-Ryeol Jang

  4. Department of Rural Systems Engineering, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea

    Moon Seong Kang

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  1. Inhong Song
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Correspondence to Moon Seong Kang.

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Song, I., Song, JH., Ryu, J.H. et al. Long-term evaluation of the BMPs scenarios in reducing nutrient surface loads from paddy rice cultivation in Korea using the CREAMS-PADDY model. Paddy Water Environ 15, 59–69 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-016-0528-0

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