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Simulation of rainfall runoff and pollutant load for Chikugo River basin in Japan using a GIS-based distributed parameter model

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Abstract

In watershed management, the determination of peak and total runoff due to rainfall and prediction of pollutant load are very important. Measurement of rainfall runoff and pollutant load is always the best approach but is not always possible at the desired time and location. In practice, diffuse pollution has a complex natural dependence on various land-use activities such as agriculture, livestock breeding, and forestry. Estimation of pollutant load is therefore essential for watershed management and water pollution control. In this study, a model of rainfall runoff and pollutant load, which uses a geographical information system (GIS) database, is a convenient and powerful tool for resolving the abovementioned complexities. This technology was applied in order to simulate the runoff discharge and the pollutant load of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the Chikugo River basin of Kyushu Island, Japan. First, a hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) and GIS software extension tool were used for simulations of elevation, drainage line definition, watershed delineation, drainage feature characterization, and geometric network generation. The spatial distributions of land cover, soil classes, rainfall, and evaporation were then analyzed in order to simulate the daily runoff discharge at the Chikugo Barrage from April 2005 to December 2007. An important point in this approach is that a new development for data input processing with HEC-HMS was introduced for optimizing parameters of the model. Next, the water quality indicators TN and TP were examined, and an efficient approach was investigated for estimating monthly pollutant loads directly from unit load and ground-observed hydrological data. Both nonpoint and point sources of pollutants were considered, including different land-cover categories, sewers, factories, and livestock farms. The observed and simulated results for the runoff discharges and pollutant loads were in good agreement and totally consistent, indicating that the proposed model is applicable to simulation of rainfall runoff and pollutant load in the Chikugo River basin. Further, this model will be able to provide managers with a useful tool for optimizing the water surface management of this river basin.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the MLIT of Japan for providing the GIS data resources. We appreciated the helpfulness of the Fukuoka Prefectural Government and the Japanese Water Agency in acquiring the measurements of the hydro-metrological and chemical data sets.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Water Environment Engineering, Division of Bioproduction Environmental Sciences, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Le Van Chinh, Kazuaki Hiramatsu & Masayoshi Harada

  2. Laboratory of Water Environment Engineering, Course in Bioproduction Environmental Sciences, Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Haruka Iseri

  3. Natural and Environmental Science Course, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan

    Makito Mori

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  1. Le Van Chinh
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  2. Haruka Iseri
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  3. Kazuaki Hiramatsu
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  4. Masayoshi Harada
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  5. Makito Mori
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Correspondence to Le Van Chinh.

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Van Chinh, L., Iseri, H., Hiramatsu, K. et al. Simulation of rainfall runoff and pollutant load for Chikugo River basin in Japan using a GIS-based distributed parameter model. Paddy Water Environ 11, 97–112 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-011-0296-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-011-0296-9

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