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Population size and habitat preference of the Omo River guereza (Colobus guereza guereza) in a multi-habitat matrix in the central highlands of Ethiopia

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Abstract

Given the current rate of habitat degradation and loss in the tropics, data on primate population densities and habitat use are indispensable for assessing conservation status and designing feasible management plans for primates. The Omo River guereza (Colobus guereza guereza) is a subspecies of the eastern black-and-white colobus monkey endemic to the western Rift Valley forests of Ethiopia. Their restricted distribution along with habitat loss and hunting within their range render them vulnerable to local extirpation and extinction. Furthermore, there are no published data available on the population status and habitat use patterns of the Omo River guereza. We therefore aimed to assess the population size of Omo River guerezas in different habitats (Erica-Juniperus mixed forest, mixed plantation forest, undisturbed natural forest, disturbed natural forest) using transect surveys at Wof-Washa Natural State Forest (WWNSF) in central Ethiopia. Our surveys covered a cumulative distance of 88.5 km in four different habitats, during which we recorded a total of 140 Omo River guereza groups. The average group density was 14.3 groups/km2, average individual density was 94.4 individuals/km2, and we estimated the total population size within WWNSF to be 2549 individuals. The sex ratio of the population was split evenly between males and females, though the age classes skewed strongly towards adults. Of the habitats surveyed, the highest group encounter rate (1.83 groups/km) occurred in the disturbed natural forest. However, the highest individual density (110.1 individuals/km2) was recorded in undisturbed natural forest. Still, sizable densities (group and individual) were recorded in three of the disturbed habitats (disturbed natural forest, mixed plantation forest, and to a lesser extent Erica-Juniperus mixed forest). Our study offers the first baseline information with which to compare future population density estimates and habitat use in the range of Omo River guerezas.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Addis Ababa University and Debre Berhan University for their financial and logistical support. This research was also supported by grants from Thematic Research on Animal Diversity (Grant number TR-010-CNS), Primate Conservation, Incorporated (PCI) (Grant No. PCI# 1230), Rufford Small Grant Foundation (Grant No. 16931-1), and International Foundation for Science (IFS) (Grant No. D/5869-1). We would also like to thank IDEA WILD for granting field materials. P.J.F. and N.N. thank San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance for generous support of their long-term research in Ethiopia. We thank our local field assistants: Lema Mamuye, Wondosen Getahun, Getnet Haile, Mamuye Gizaw, Mindahun Mekoya and Kura Kassa. Lastly, we thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for many helpful comments that greatly improved this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

    Dereje Yazezew

  2. Department of Zoological Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Dereje Yazezew, Afework Bekele & Hussein Ibrahim

  3. Department of Anthropology and Environmental Studies Program, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA

    Peter J. Fashing & Nga Nguyen

  4. Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Peter J. Fashing, Nga Nguyen & Addisu Mekonnen

  5. Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia

    Hussein Ibrahim

  6. Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Amera Moges

  7. Department of Zoology-Biodiversity Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Ryan J. Burke

  8. Conservation Science and Wildlife Health, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA, USA

    Timothy M. Eppley

  9. Department of Anthropology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA

    Timothy M. Eppley

  10. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Addisu Mekonnen

  11. Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Addisu Mekonnen

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  1. Dereje Yazezew
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Yazezew, D., Bekele, A., Fashing, P.J. et al. Population size and habitat preference of the Omo River guereza (Colobus guereza guereza) in a multi-habitat matrix in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Primates 63, 151–160 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-00972-8

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