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Longitudinal changes in the targets of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) hunts at Mahale Mountains National Park: how and why did they begin to intensively hunt red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus) in the 1980s?

Primates volume 61, pages 391–401 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

The hunting activities of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at Mahale Mountains National Park exhibited a significant change over a 46-year observation period, shifting from sporadic hunting for small ungulates and primates through seizure or chasing, to a specialized hunting habit for red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus). By the early 1980s, a new hunting habit had developed through the following stages: (1) occasional single kills by mature/adolescent males, (2) multiple kills by mature/adolescent males, (3) participation of mature females in both multiple and single kills, and (4) increased frequencies of multiple kills and female participation in killing. Throughout the observation period, red colobus was the most frequently hunted species, accounting for 71.0% of all hunts, 68.1% of all kills, and 70.3% of the consumed prey. Adult/adolescent female chimpanzees accounted for 23.1% of all kills and 20.4% of red colobus kills, both of which are higher than proportions reported in other areas. There are several possible explanations for these changes: (1) improved observation conditions, including familiarization of the chimpanzees with human observers; (2) environmental changes such as forest and faunal recovery, particularly an increase in the red colobus population; (3) change(s) in observation methods; (4) a new invention or (5) reinvention by the Mimikire (M) group chimpanzees; and (6) the change in intergroup relationships between the M and Kajabala (K) groups.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the Tanzanian Commission for Science and Technology, Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, and Tanzania National Parks for their permission to conduct research at Mahale. We are grateful to the late Toshisada Nishida, Kenji Kawanaka, Shigeo Uehara, and many other persons who studied the chimpanzees at Mahale for their kind cooperation and permission to use their unpublished data, and the people of Mahale for their kind help and hospitality. We also thank MARUZEN-YUSHODO Co., Ltd. (https://kw.maruzen.co.jp/kousei-honyaku/) for the English language editing. Lastly, we thank the chimpanzees of Mahale for accepting us.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kamakura Women’s University, 6-1-3 Ofuna, Kamakura, 247-8512, Japan

    Kazuhiko Hosaka

  2. Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Michio Nakamura

  3. School of Policy Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan

    Yukio Takahata

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  1. Kazuhiko Hosaka
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  2. Michio Nakamura
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  3. Yukio Takahata
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Correspondence to Yukio Takahata.

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Hosaka, K., Nakamura, M. & Takahata, Y. Longitudinal changes in the targets of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) hunts at Mahale Mountains National Park: how and why did they begin to intensively hunt red colobus (Piliocolobus rufomitratus) in the 1980s?. Primates 61, 391–401 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-020-00803-8

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