Abstract
Behavioural development was quantified in one family group of silvery gibbons (Hylobates moloch) and one of white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) over 11 months during 2005 and 2008 at the Perth Zoo. Levels of locomotion, solo play and play solicitation peaked by 5 years of age but continued solo and social play in older immatures suggested that social development continued until at least 7 years of age. Mature offspring responded to play solicitations from younger siblings. The transition to sub-adulthood was marked by the presence of spatial peripheralisation from the parents, and coincided with aggression from the father to a sub-adult male. After the birth of a new infant, the male sub-adult stayed closer to his mother (and the infant) but not to his father; his juvenile brother was closer to both parents. Within-family observations of behaviour that is difficult to observe in the wild but can be observed in captivity contributes to our understanding of family dynamics in gibbons. Observations of these captive groups suggest that sub-adult peripheralisation may be influenced by family social dynamics as well as by local ecology, and that older offspring are responsive to the development of younger siblings.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Perth Zoo for permission to study the gibbons. The primate supervisor, Clare Campbell, and head primate keeper, Holly Thompson, are much appreciated for their communication regarding gibbon management. Professor Linc Schmitt provided guidance in statistical analyses. Many thanks go to the Life History and Ecology Group at the University of Western Australia for their comments on the paper. This study was supported by the School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia. This paper was improved by the comments and critiques of Dr. Susan M. Cheyne, Dr. Claudia Barelli, Dr. Warren Y. Brockelman and three anonymous reviewers.
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Burns, B.L., Dooley, H.M. & Judge, D.S. Social dynamics modify behavioural development in captive white-cheeked (Nomascus leucogenys) and silvery (Hylobates moloch) gibbons. Primates 52, 271–277 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-011-0247-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-011-0247-5