Abstract
Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium is impairing marine ecosystems. Here, we review the effect of these contaminants on coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems, with focus on reef fishes, algae, corals, and oil spills. We also discuss the effects of natural hydrocarbons. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Heavy metals are highly toxic to most marine living organisms, causing reproductive failure, deoxyribonucleic acid damage, and neurological problems. Heavy metals accumulate through the food chain, ending up in humans who eat seafood. Mangroves and coral reefs can be severely impacted with diminished water quality, reduced biodiversity, compromised fish habitats, decreased fish catches, and damaged seagrass beds, ultimately affecting other coastal habitats.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Administration (2004–2021) Administration S.O. National Marine Quality Bulletin https://www.mee.gov.cn/hjzl/sthjzk/jagb/
Afonso F, Palma C, Brito et al (2023) Metal and semimetal loadings in sediments and water from mangrove ecosystems: a preliminary assessment of anthropogenic enrichment in São Tomé island (central Africa). Chemosphere 334:138973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138973
Albaigés J, Morales-Nin B, Vilas F (2006) The Prestige oil spill: a scientific response. Mar Pollut Bull 53:205–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.03.012
Al-Dahash LM, Mahmoud HM (2013) Harboring oil-degrading bacteria: A potential mechanism of adaptation and survival in corals inhabiting oil-contaminated reefs. Mar Pollut Bull 72:364–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.08.029
Angulo-Cuero J, Grassi MT, Dolatto, et al (2021) Impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangroves from the Colombian pacific coast: evaluation in sediments and bivalves. Mar Pollut Bull 172:112828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112828
Antony S, UnnikrishnanAswin K et al (2022) Heavy metals in coral reef sediments of Kavaratti Island, India: an integrated quality assessment using GIS and pollution indicators. Mar Pollut Bull 180:113721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113721
Araújo PRM, Biondido Nascimento CWA, CM et al (2022) Geospatial modeling and ecological and human health risk assessments of heavy metals in contaminated mangrove soils. Mar Pollut Bull 177:113489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113489
Asif Z, Chen Z, An C, Dong J (2022) Environmental impacts and challenges associated with oil spills on shorelines. J Mar Sci Eng 10:762. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060762
Dehno MA, Mousavi Harami SR, Noora MR (2022) Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in coral reefs and sediments of Chabahar Bay. Results Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100346
Balke T, Friess DA (2016) Geomorphic knowledge for mangrove restoration: A pan-tropical categorization. Earth Surf Process Landforms 41:231–239. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3841
Banc-Prandi G, Fine M (2019) Copper enrichment reduces thermal tolerance of the highly resistant Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata. Coral Reefs 38:285–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01774-z
Bastakoti U, Robertson J, Alfaro AC (2018) Spatial variation of heavy metals in sediments within a temperate mangrove ecosystem in northern New Zealand. Mar Pollut Bull 135:790–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.012
Bello AT, Amadi J (2019) Oil pollution and bio-diversity conservation in nigeria: an assessment of legal framework. J Geosci Environ Prot 07:354–371. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2019.78024
Bellwood DR, Pratchett MS, Morrison TH et al (2019) Coral reef conservation in the Anthropocene: confronting spatial mismatches and prioritizing functions. Biol Conserv 236:604–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.056
Billah MM, Bhuiyan MKA, Amran MIUA et al (2022) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in mangrove ecosystems: global synthesis and future research directions. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 21:747–770
Brasil (2019) Brasil Marinha, Exército, Corpo de Bombeirose Ibama atuam no combate às manchas de óleo no Nordeste. Ibama, 05 de nov. de 2019 Available in https://www.gov.br/defesa/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/ultimasnoticias/marinha-exercito-corpode-bombeiros-eibama-atuam-no-combate-as-manchas-de-oleo-nonordeste
Brown BE, Bythell JC (2005) Perspectives on mucus secretion in reef corals. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 296:291–309. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps296291
Caroselli E, Frapiccini E, Franzellitti S et al (2020) Accumulation of PAHs in the tissues and algal symbionts of a common Mediterranean coral: skeletal storage relates to population age structure. Sci Total Environ 743:140781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140781
Celis-Hernandez O, Giron-Garcia MP, Ontiveros-Cuadras JF et al (2020) Environmental risk of trace elements in mangrove ecosystems: an assessment of natural vs oil and urban inputs. Sci Total Environ 730:138643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138643
Chen H, Xu L, Zhou W et al (2021) Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of chlorinated paraffins in coral communities from South China Sea. J Hazard Mater 402:123529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123529
Choudhury TR, Acter T, Uddin N et al (2021) Heavy metals contamination of river water and sediments in the mangrove forest ecosystems in Bangladesh: a consequence of oil spill incident. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100484
Chu H, Liu Y, Xu N, Xu J (2023) Concentration, sources, influencing factors and hazards of heavy metals in indoor and outdoor dust: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21:1203–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01546-2
Cole AJ, Pratchett MS, Jones JP (2008) Diversity and functional importance of coral-feeding fishes on tropical coral reefs. Fish Fish 9:286–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00290.x
Connolly RM, Connolly FN, Hayes MA (2020) Oil spill from the Era: mangroves taking eons to recover. Mar Pollut Bull. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110965
Costa-Böddeker S, Thuyên LX, Hoelzmann P et al (2020) Heavy metal pollution in a reforested mangrove ecosystem (Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Southern Vietnam): effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors over a thirty-year history. Sci Total Environ 716:137035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137035
da Rosa LC (2022) Sandy beach macroinfauna response to the worst oil spill in Brazilian coast: no evidence of an acute impact. Mar Pollut Bull 180:113753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113753
Dahdouh-Guebas F (2011) World Atlas of Mangroves: Mark Spalding, Mami Kainuma and Lorna Collins (eds). Hum Ecol, vol 39: pp 107–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-010-9366-7
Dal Pizzol JL, Marques JA, da Silva FJ et al (2022) Metal accumulation induces oxidative stress and alters carbonic anhydrase activity in corals and symbionts from the largest reef complex in the South Atlantic ocean. Chemosphere 290:133216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133216
de Almeida FF, Freitas D, Motteran F et al (2021) Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated mangroves: understanding the historical and key parameter profiles. Mar Pollu Bull 169:112553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112553
de Lira ALO, Craveiro N, da Silva FF, Rosa Filho JS (2021) Effects of contact with crude oil and its ingestion by the symbiotic polychaete Branchiosyllis living in sponges (Cinachyrella sp.) following the, 2019 oil spill on the tropical coast of Brazil. Sci Total Environ 801:149655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149655
Dey G, Banerjee P, Maity JP et al (2022) Heavy metals distribution and ecological risk assessment including arsenic resistant PGPR in tidal mangrove ecosystem. Mar Pollut Bull 181:113905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113905
Duke NC (2016) Oil spill impacts on mangroves: recommendations for operational planning and action based on a global review. Mar Pollut Bull 109:700–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.082
Duke NC, Lo E, Sun M (2002) Global distribution and genetic discontinuities of mangroves - Emerging patterns in the evolution of Rhizophora. Trees Struct Funct 16:65–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-001-0141-7
Evans RD, Wilson SK, Fisher R et al (2020) Early recovery dynamics of turbid coral reefs after recurring bleaching events. J Environ Manage 268:110666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110666
Fanning LM, Al-Naimi MN, Range P et al (2021) Applying the ecosystem services - EBM framework to sustainably manage Qatar’s coral reefs and seagrass beds. Ocean Coast Manag 205:105566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105566
Fernández-Cadena JC, Ruíz-Fernández PS, Fernández-Ronquillo TE et al (2020) Detection of sentinel bacteria in mangrove sediments contaminated with heavy metals. Mar Pollut Bull 150:110701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110701
French-McCay DP, Robinson H, Bock M et al (2022) Counter-historical study of alternative dispersant use in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response. Mar Pollut Bull 180:113778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113778
Ganeshkumar A, Arun G, Vinothkumar S, Rajaram R (2019) Bioaccumulation and translocation efficacy of heavy metals by Rhizophora mucronata from tropical mangrove ecosystem, Southeast coast of India. Ecohydrol Hydrobiol 19:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2018.10.006
Ge C, Yu X, Kan M, Qu C (2017) Adaption of Ulva pertusa to multiple-contamination of heavy metals and nutrients: biological mechanism of outbreak of Ulva sp. green tide. Mar Pollut Bull 125: 250–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.025
Geng C, Gao Y, Zhang H et al (2024) Microplastic migration in porous media at various scales: a review. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01688-x
Girard F, Fisher CR (2018) Long-term impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea corals detected after seven years of monitoring. Biol Conserv 225:117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.06.028
Gonzales MB, Heyres LJ, Monteclaro HM et al (2022) Benthic foraminifera as bioindicator of coral reef condition in Nogas Island. Philippines Reg Stud Mar Sci 52:102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102352
Gundlach ER, Giadom FD, Akpokodje EG et al (2021) Core sediments and oil chemistry from contaminated mangroves in eastern Niger Delta, Ogoniland. Nigeria Mar Pollut Bull 171:112714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112714
Gupta N, Yadav KK, Kumar V et al (2021) Evaluating heavy metals contamination in soil and vegetables in the region of North India: levels, transfer and potential human health risk analysis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 82:103563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2020.103563
Han Y, Nambi IM, Clement TP (2018) Environmental impacts of the Chennai oil spill accident – a case study. Sci Total Environ 626:795–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.128
Han M, Li H, Kang Y et al (2022) Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of PAHs in tropical marine food webs from coral reef ecosystems, the South China Sea: Compositional pattern, driving factors, ecological aspects, and risk assessment. Chemosphere 308:136295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136295
Han M, Zhang R, Yu K et al. (2020) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in corals of the South China Sea: Occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation, and considerable role of coral mucus. J Hazard Mater 384:121299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121299
Hasan MR, Anisuzzaman M, Choudhury TR et al (2023) Vertical distribution, contamination status and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in core sediments from a mangrove-dominated tropical river. Mar Pollut Bull 189:114804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114804
Hazrat A, Ezzat K, Ikram I (2019) Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals: environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. J Chem 2019:6730305. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6730305
Hossain MB, Rahman MA, Hossain MK et al (2022) Contamination status and associated ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in different wetland sediments from an urbanized estuarine ecosystem. Mar Pollut Bull 185:114246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114246
Humanes A, Noonan SHC, Willis BL (2016) Cumulative effects of nutrient enrichment and elevated temperature compromise the early life history stages of the coral acropora tenuis. PLoS ONE 11:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161616
Jiang W, Yu KF, Song YX et al (2017) Coral trace metal of natural and anthropogenic influences in the northern South China Sea. Sci Total Environ 607–608:195–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.105
John J, Nandhini AR, Chellam PV et al (2022) Microplastics in mangroves and coral reef ecosystems: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20:397–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01326-4
Juma RR, Salum NS, Tairova Z et al (2018) Potential of Periophthalmus sobrinus and Siganus sutor as bioindicator fish species for PAH pollution in tropical waters. Reg Stud Mar Sci 18:170–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2017.09.016
Kardel F, Karbalaei Hassan S, Rashid H (2023) Environmental magnetic signatures in mangrove ecosystems in northern Persian Gulf: implication for pollution assessment in marine environment. Sci Total Environ 858:160083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160083
Kavun VY, Podgurskaya OV (2023) Spatial variation of cadmium concentration in the bivalve Beguina semiorbiculata (Linnaeus, 1758) from coastal coral reefs of Vietnam. Mar Pollut Bull 191:114837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114837
Khanna S, Santos MJ, Ustin SL (2018) Comparing the potential of multispectral and hyperspectral data for monitoring oil spill impact. Sensors 18:558. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020558
Koester A, Migani V, Bunbury N (2020) Early trajectories of benthic coral reef communities following the 2015/16 coral bleaching event at remote Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles. Sci Rep 10:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74077-x
Krishnakumar S, Simon Peter T, Godson PS (2023) Heavy metal accumulation in the skeletons of scleractinian corals around the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, India. Total Environ Res Themes 6:100034
Kroon FJ, Berry KLE, Brinkman DL et al (2020) Sources, presence and potential effects of contaminants of emerging concern in the marine environments of the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait. Australia Sci Total Environ 719:135140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135140
Kumar S, Yadav A, Kumar A (2021) Plant metallothioneins as regulators of environmental stress responses. Int J Plant Environ 7:27–38
Le VG, Nguyen MK, Nguyen HL et al (2024) Ecotoxicological response of algae to contaminants in aquatic environments: a review. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01680-5
Li Y, Wang C, Zou X et al (2019) Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coral reef fish from the South China Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 139:339–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.001
Li P, Li X, Bai J et al (2022) Effects of land use on the heavy metal pollution in mangrove sediments: Study on a whole island scale in Hainan. China Sci Total Environ 824:15386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153856
Li G, Xu W, Luo Y et al (2023) Strontium isotope stratigraphy and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb carbonate age constraints on the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern South China Sea. Bull Geol Soc Am 135:271–285. https://doi.org/10.1130/B36365.1
Lin W, Feng Y, Yu K (2020) Comparative study of radioactivity levels and radionuclide fingerprints in typical marine ecosystems of coral reefs, mangroves, and hydrothermal vents. Mar Pollut Bull 152:110913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110913
Liu J, Wu H, Feng J et al (2014) Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk assessments in the sediments and zoobenthos of selected mangrove ecosystems, South China. CATENA 119:136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.02.009
Lonard RI, Judd FW, Summy KR et al (2017) The biological flora of coastal dunes and wetlands: Avicennia germinans (L.) L. J Coast Res 33:191–207. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-16-00013.1
Lourenço RA, Combi T, Alexandre MR et al (2020) Mysterious oil spill along Brazil’s northeast and southeast seaboard (2019–2020): Trying to find answers and filling data gaps. Mar Pollut Bull 156:111219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111219
Magalhães KM, Barros KV, de Lima MCS et al (2021) Oil spill + COVID-19: a disastrous year for Brazilian seagrass conservation. Sci Total Environ 764:142872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142872
Magris RA, Giarrizzo T (2020) Mysterious oil spill in the Atlantic Ocean threatens marine biodiversity and local people in Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 153:110961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110961
Mangubhai S, Obura DO (2019) Silent Killer: Black reefs in the phoenix islands protected area. Pac Conserv Biol 25(2):213‒214. https://doi.org/10.1071/PC18048
Maurya P, Kumari R (2021) Toxic metals distribution, seasonal variations and environmental risk assessment in surficial sediment and mangrove plants (A. marina), Gulf of Kachchh (India). J Hazard Mater 413:125345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125345
Menezes N, Cruz I, da Rocha GO et al (2023) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral reefs with a focus on Scleractinian corals: a systematic overview. Sci Total Environ 877:162868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162868
Moushmi KS, Cheriyan AS, Cheriyan E, Chandramohanakumar N (2022) Iron and phosphorus geochemistry in the core sediments of an urbanized mangrove ecosystem, Southwest coast of India. Mar Pollut Bull 178:113636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113636
Mulik J, Sukumaran S, Jisna MJ, Rao MN (2023) Tracing the impact and recovery trajectory of oil spill affected tropical rocky intertidal macrobenthic communities using the BOPA index. Mar Pollut Bull 186:114435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114435
Muñoz-García A, Arbeli Z, Boyacá-Vásquez V, Vanegas J (2022) Metagenomic and genomic characterization of heavy metal tolerance and resistance genes in the rhizosphere microbiome of Avicennia germinans in a semi-arid mangrove forest in the tropics. Mar Pollut Bull 184:114204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114204
Nagelkerken I, Blaber SJM, Bouillon S et al (2008) The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: a review. Aquat Bot 89:155–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007
Naidoo G (2016) Mangrove propagule size and oil contamination effects: does size matter? Mar Pollut Bull 110:362–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.040
Ng D, Taira D, Heery EC, Toddy PA (2021) Antagonistic effects of seawalls and urban sedimentation on epilithic algal matrix (EAM)-feeding fishes. Mar Pollut Bull 173:113098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113098
Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTC et al (2024) Fruit waste-derived aerogels for the removal of dyes, heavy metals and oils in water: a review. Environ Chem Lett 22:419–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01667-2
Nordborg FM, Jones RJ, Oelgemöller M, Negri AP (2020) The effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate on oil toxicity to coral reef organisms – a review. Sci Total Environ 720:137486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137486
Nordborg FM, Brinkman DL, Ricardo GF (2021) Comparative sensitivity of the early life stages of a coral to heavy fuel oil and UV radiation. Sci Total Environ 781:146676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146676
Numbere AO (2018) “The impact of oil and gas exploration: invasive nypa palm species and urbanization on Mangroves in the Niger River Delta, Nigeria” in “Threats to Mangrove Forests, Coastal Research Library”, C. Makowski, C. W. Finkl (eds.), vol 25, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73016-5_12
Oladi M, Leontidou K, Stoeck T, Shokri MR (2022) Environmental DNA-based profiling of benthic bacterial and eukaryote communities along a crude oil spill gradient in a coral reef in the Persian Gulf. Mar Pollut Bull 184:114143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114143
Oladi M, Shokri MR (2021) Multiple benthic indicators are efficient for health assessment of coral reefs subjected to petroleum hydrocarbons contamination: A case study in the Persian Gulf. J Hazard Mater 409:124993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124993
Olatunji OM, Horsfall IT, Ekiyor TH (2018) Comparison of bioremediation capabilities of poultry droppings and avocado pear seed cake in petroleum polluted soil. J Eng Technol Res 10:38–45. https://doi.org/10.5897/jetr2018.0652
Oliver PG, Hartley J (1986) Niger appraisal Loripes (Bivalvia , Lucinacea) Report), Unit, belong easily distinguishable species; Cyrenoida “Loripes group". “Loripes group" variously delimited by Chavan only briefly by Bretsky 1976, Belgique, Brussels, Loripes ,Keleti 47–64
Onyena AP, Sam K (2020) A review of the threat of oil exploitation to mangrove ecosystem: insights from Niger Delta. Nigeria Glob Ecol Conserv 22:e00961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00961
Patel NP, Haldar S (2022) Pollutants in the coral environment and strategies to lower their impact on the functioning of reef ecosystem, in: Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Elsevier, pp 161–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0- 323-85455-9.00019-9
Pavanelli DD, Loch C (2018) Mangrove spectra changes induced by oil spills monitored by image differencing of normalised indices: tools to assist delimitation of impacted areas. Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ 12:78–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2018.10.001
Pessarrodona A, Tebbett SB, Bosch NE (2022) High herbivory despite high sediment loads on a fringing coral reef. Coral Reefs 41:161–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02211-w
Peters EC, Meyers PA, Yevich PP, Blake NJ (1981) Bioaccumulation and histopathological effects of oil on a stony coral. Mar Pollut Bull 12:333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(81)90106-5
Prasad TM, Balakrishnan NTM, Rahaman H et al (2018) An assessment on oil spill trajectory prediction: Case study on oil spill off Ennore Port. J Earth Syst Sci 127:111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-018-1015-3
Primavera JH, Friess DA, Van Lavieren H, Lee SY (2018) The mangrove ecosystem. In: World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Elsevier, pp 1–34
Purnobasuki H, Purnama PR, Kobayashi K (2017) Morphology of four root types and anatomy of root-root junction in relation gas pathway of Avicennia marina (Forsk) Vierh roots. Vegetos 30:100–104. https://doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2017.00143.4
Puthusseri RM, Nair HP, Johny TK, Bhat SG (2021) Insights into the response of mangrove sediment microbiomes to heavy metal pollution: ecological risk assessment and metagenomics perspectives. J Environ Manage 298:113492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113492
Rahman MS, Saha N, Ahmed ASS, Babu SMOF et al (2021) Depth-related dynamics of physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal accumulation in mangrove sediment and plant: Acanthus ilicifolius as a potential phytoextractor. Mar Pollut Bull 173:113160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113160
Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Dashtbozorg M, Mitra S et al (2019) Historical sedimentary deposition and ecotoxicological impact of aromatic biomarkers in sediment cores from ten coral reefs of the Persian Gulf. Iran Sci Total Environ 696:133969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133969
Reinert F, de Pinho CF, Ferreira MA (2016) Diagnosing the level of stress on a mangrove species (Laguncularia racemosa) contaminated with oil: a necessary step for monitoring mangrove ecosystems. Mar Pollut Bull 113:94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.070
Robin SL, Marchand C (2022) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove ecosystems: a review. Environ Pollut 311:119959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119959
Rocha CMC, Sampaio CLS (2022) A review of the knowledge of reef fish in the Southwest Atlantic. Mar Environ Res 182:105769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105769
Rummer JL, Illing B (2022) Coral reef fishes in a multi-stressor world. Fish Physiol 39:325–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.fp.2022.04.011
Sanches ID, Filho, CRS, Magalhães LA et al. (2013) Assessing the impact of hydrocarbon leakages on vegetation using reflectance spectroscopy. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 78:85–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.01.007
Santodomingo N, Perry C, Waheed Z et al (2021) Marine litter pollution on coral reefs of Darvel Bay (East Sabah, Malaysia). Mar Pollut Bull 173:112998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112998
Saunders D, Carrillo JC, Gundlach ER (2022) Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments and edible aquatic species in an oil-contaminated mangrove ecosystem in Bodo, Niger Delta, Nigeria: Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 832:154802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154802
Seveso D, Louis YD, Montano S et al (2021) The Mauritius oil spill: what’s next? Pollutants 1:18–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants1010003
Sheppard C (2000) Editorial of Seas at the millenium: an environmental evaluation reviews. Mar Pollut Bull 41:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00098-9
Silva M, Etnoyer PJ, MacDonald IR (2016) Coral injuries observed at Mesophotic Reefs after the Deepwater Horizon oil discharge. Deep Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr 129:96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.05.013
Sivagami K, Vignesh VJ, Tamizhdurai P (2019) Studies on short term weathering of spilled oil along Chennai coast in South India. J Clean Prod 230:1410–1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.119
Soares MO, Rabelo EF (2023) Severe ecological impacts caused by one of the worst orphan oil spills worldwide. Mar Environ Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105936
Song Y, Yu K, Zhao J (2014) Past 140-year environmental record in the northern South China Sea: Evidence from coral skeletal trace metal variations. Environ Pollut 185:97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.024
Sowrav SFF, Rahman SMM, Hossain MA (2023) Multi-dimensional approach for an environmental health assessment of a deltaic mangrove ecosystem, Sundarbans. Environ Adv 12:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100377
Tebbett SB, Bellwood DR, Johnson ER, Chase TJ (2022) Occurrence and accumulation of heavy metals in algal turf particulates and sediments on coral reefs. Mar Pollut Bull 184:114113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114113
Teuchies J, Cox TJS, Van Itterbeeck K (2020) The impact of scrubber discharge on the water quality in estuaries and ports. Environ Sci Eur. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00380-z
Theerthagiri J, Park J, Das HT et al (2022) Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate waste into ammonia: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20:2929–2949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01469-y
Theerthagiri J, Karuppasamy K, Park J et al (2023a) Electrochemical conversion of biomass-derived aldehydes into fine chemicals and hydrogen: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21:1555–1583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01543-5
Theerthagiri J, Karuppasamy K, Mahadi AH et al (2023b) Electrochemical reduction of gaseous nitric oxide into ammonia: a review. Environ Chem Lett 22:189–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01655-6
Tian K, Wu Q, Liu P (2020) Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments and water from the coastal areas of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Environ Int 136:105512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105512
Turner A (2014) Mobilisation and bioaccessibility of lead in paint from abandoned boats. Mar Pollut Bull 89:35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.038
Turner NR, Parkerton TF, Renegar DA (2021) Toxicity of two representative petroleum hydrocarbons, toluene and phenanthrene, to five Atlantic coral species. Mar Pollut Bull 169:112560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112560
US EPA (2020) Web page http://epa.gov/waterscience/methods/pollutants.htm
Useh MU (2017) Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of sludge and water contaminated by oil spillage in some coastal communities of Akwa Ibom State. Nigeria. Adv. Appl. Sci. 2:64
Vaezzadeh V, Zakaria MP, Bong CW (2019) Mangrove oyster (Crassostrea belcheri) as a biomonitor species for bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from sediment of the west coast of peninsular malaysia. Polycycl Aromat Compd 39:470–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2017.1348366
van der Schyff V, du Preez M, Blom K et al (2020) Impacts of a shallow shipwreck on a coral reef: A case study from St Brandon’s Atoll Mauritius Indian Ocean. Mar Environ Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104916
Wan S, Yang X, Chen X et al (2022) Emerging marine pollution from container ship accidents: risk characteristics, response strategies, and regulation advancements. J Clean Prod 376:134266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134266
Wang Z, An C, Lee K et al (2021) Factors influencing the fate of oil spilled on shorelines: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19:1611–1628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01097-4
Wang JF, Zhou HZ, Jiang B (2023) Controlling heavy metals pollution is vital for the restoration of carbon and nitrogen transformation function of mangrove ecosystems in the Greater Bay Area. China J Water Process Eng 53:103745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103745
Wilkinson C, Salvat B (2012) Coastal resource degradation in the tropics: does the tragedy of the commons apply for coral reefs, mangrove forests and seagrass beds. Mar Pollut Bull 64:1096–1105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.041
Xie Z, Zhu G, Xu M et al (2022) Risk assessment of heavy metals in a typical mangrove ecosystem - a case study of Shankou Mangrove National Natural Reserve, southern China. Mar Pollut Bull 178:113642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113642
Xie S, Jiang W, Sun Y et al (2023) Interannual variation and sources identification of heavy metals in seawater near shipping lanes: Evidence from a coral record from the northern South China Sea. Sci Total Environ 854:158755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158755
Xue J, Yu Y, Bai Y (2015) Marine Oil-Degrading Microorganisms and Biodegradation Process of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Marine Environments: A Review. Curr Microbiol 71:220–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0825-7
Yadav KK, Gupta N, Prasad S et al (2023) An eco-sustainable approach towards heavy metals remediation by mangroves from the coastal environment: a critical review. Mar Pollut Bull 188:114569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114569
Yan Z, Sun X, Xu Y et al (2017) Accumulation and tolerance of mangroves to heavy metals: a review. curr pollut reports, vol 3: pp 302–317. doi https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-017-0066-4
Yang T, Diao X, Cheng H et al (2020) Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in corals, sediments and seawater from coral reefs of Hainan. China Environ Pollut 264:114719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114719
Zabbey N, Uyi H (2014) Community responses of intertidal soft-bottom macrozoobenthos to oil pollution in a tropical mangrove ecosystem, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Mar Pollut Bull 82:167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.002
Zhang R, Han M, Yu K et al (2021) Distribution, fate and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmosphere and surface water of multiple coral reef regions from the South China Sea: a case study in spring-summer. J Hazard Mater 412:125214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125214
Zhang B, Matchinski EJ, Chen B et al (2018) Marine oil spills-oil pollution, sources and effects, Second Edi. ed, World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Volume III: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts. Elsevier, pp 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805052-1.00024-3
Zhu X, Jia G, Tian Y et al (2023) Ancient hydrocarbon slicks recorded by a coral atoll in the South China Sea. Chem Geol 619:121316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121316
Acknowledgements
Prof. J. Cui acknowledges Science and Technology Innovation 2030 (2023ZD04062), the Youth Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Y2023QC23), Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (2022QNRC001), Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and China Agriculture Research System. Prof. M.Y. Choi acknowledges the Korea Basic Science Institute (National research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2019R1A6C1010042, 2021R1A6C103A427). The authors Prof. M.Y. Choi and Dr. J. Theerthagiri acknowledges the financial support from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), (2022R1A2C2010686, 2022R1A4A3033528, 2021R1I1A1A01060380, 2019H1D3A1A01071209, 2021R1C1C2010726).
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
PE, PP, JC, and MYC contributed to conceptualization, critical thinking, and writing original draft. XG, HS, and AR contributed to discussion and review editing. ASK, PD, and NRVG contributed to data collection. JT, AM, and MYC contributed review, proofread, and supervision.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Consent for publication
All authors have given consent for publication.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Elumalai, P., Parthipan, P., Gao, X. et al. Impact of petroleum hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution on coral reefs and mangroves: a review. Environ Chem Lett 22, 1413–1435 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01728-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01728-0