Abstract
Air pollution by trace levels of nitric oxide (NO) pollution is threatening human health by causing acid rain and haze pollution through photochemical reactions. Here, we review photocatalytic technologies that use oxygen vacancy engineering-mediated nanomaterials for the control of air pollutants such as NO and nitrogen dioxide. We present oxygen vacancy parameters and reactor regulation mechanisms. We explain the functions of oxygen vacancies in the adsorption and enrichment processes of NO on the photocatalyst surface. We highlight the relationship between oxygen vacancies and O2 activation in photocatalytic reactions. The mechanisms ruling selectivity in NO photodegradation, and the suppression of photocatalyst deactivation are discussed.
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Reprinted with permission of (oxygen vacancy engineering of Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterojunctions: Implications of the interfacial charge transfer, NO adsorption and removal, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Elsevier) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2018)
Reprinted with permission of (Oxygen vacancy engineering of Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterojunctions: Implications of the interfacial charge transfer, NO adsorption and removal, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Elsevier) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2018)
Reprinted with permission of (Oxygen vacancy-dependent photocatalytic activity of well-defined Bi2Sn2O7−x hollow nanocubes for NOx removal, Environmental Science: Nano, Royal Society of Chemistry) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2021)
Reprinted with permission of (Oxygen vacancy engineering of Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterojunctions: Implications of the interfacial charge transfer, NO adsorption and removal, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Elsevier) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2018)
Reprinted with permission of (Effects of H2O2 generation over visible light-responsive Bi/Bi2O2−xCO3 nanosheets on their photocatalytic NOx removal performance, Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2019)
Reprinted with permission of (Effects of H2O2 generation over visible light-responsive Bi/Bi2O2−xCO3 nanosheets on their photocatalytic NOx removal performance, Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2019)
Reprinted with permission of (Oxygen vacancy engineering of Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterojunctions: Implications of the interfacial charge transfer, NO adsorption and removal, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Elsevier) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2018)
Reprinted with permission of (Effects of H2O2 generation over visible light-responsive Bi/Bi2O2−xCO3 nanosheets on their photocatalytic NOx removal performance, Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2019)
Reprinted with permission of (Oxygen vacancy-dependent photocatalytic activity of well-defined Bi2Sn2O7−x hollow nanocubes for NOx removal, Environmental Science: Nano, Royal Society of Chemistry) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2021)
Reprinted with permission of (Oxygen vacancy-dependent photocatalytic activity of well-defined Bi2Sn2O7−x hollow nanocubes for NOx removal, Environmental Science: Nano, Royal Society of Chemistry) from (Reference: Lu et al. 2021)
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Abbreviations
- NOx:
-
Nitrous oxides
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NO2 :
-
Nitrogen dioxide
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- PPy:
-
Polypyrrole
- EG:
-
Ethylene glycol
- e− :
-
Electrons
- h+ :
-
Holes
- ·OH:
-
Hydroxyl radical
- ·O2 − :
-
Superoxide radical
- O− :
-
Negative oxygen ion
- CB:
-
Conduction band
- VB:
-
Valence band
- NHE:
-
Normal hydrogen electrode
- EPR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- TPD:
-
Temperature-programmed desorption
- TEM:
-
Transmission electron microscopy
- HAADF-STEM:
-
High-angle annular dark field imaging in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope
- OV–/–OV:
-
Oxygen vacancy–/–oxygen vacancy
- PM2.5 :
-
Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less
- BiOCl-010-VO :
-
BiOCl-010 with oxygen vacancy
- ZIF-8:
-
2-Methylimidazole zinc salt
- BOC:
-
Bi2O2CO3 without oxygen vacancy engineering
- BO/BOC:
-
Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 without oxygen vacancy engineering
- OV–BO/BOC:
-
Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 with oxygen vacancy engineering
- R-BO/BOC:
-
The repaired Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 that the oxygen vacancies were repaired by heat treatment in an oxygen-rich atmosphere
- Bi2O2CO3 :
-
Bismuth subcarbonate
- B/BOC-1–3:
-
The as-prepared samples Bi/Bi2O2-xCO3-1, Bi/Bi2O2-xCO3-2, Bi/Bi2O2-xCO3-3 with different composing proportion
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52000171 and 51878644) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0203000 and 2017YFC0212200). Yanfeng Lu was also supported by the “Special Research Assistant Grant Program” of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Lu, Y., Chen, M., Jiang, L. et al. Oxygen vacancy engineering of photocatalytic nanomaterials for enrichment, activation, and efficient removal of nitrogen oxides with high selectivity: a review. Environ Chem Lett 20, 3905–3925 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01437-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01437-6