Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is both a major driver of climate change and a source of toxicity for health. In the upper atmosphere, particulate matter modifies the earth radiation budget, cloud formation and acts as a reaction center for air pollutants. In the lower atmosphere, particulate matter changes atmospheric visibility and alters biogeochemical cycles and meteorology. Most critical effects are observed in ambient air, where particulate matter degrades human health. Here we review the sources, spatial and temporal variability, and toxicity of PM10, the particulate matter having particle sizes 10 micrometers or less in diameter, in world regions. For that we analyzed information from the world wide web and databases from government organizations after the year 2000. Findings show that PM10 is a major risk in both developed and developing countries. This risk is more severe in Asian countries compared to Europe and USA, where decreasing trends are recorded during the last two decades. Meteorological factors modify particulate matter variations at local and regional levels. PM2.5/PM10 ratio provides information of particulate matter sources under different environment conditions. Crustal matter, road traffic and combustion of fuels are major sources of particulate matter pollution. Health studies indicate that long-term exposure to particulate matter has multiple health effects in people from all age groups. Identification of possible sources and their control with regular epidemiological monitoring could decrease the impact of particulate matter pollution.
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- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
- NAAQS:
-
National Ambient Air Quality Standard
- CPCB:
-
Central Pollution Control Board
- PM:
-
Particulate matter
- PM10 :
-
Particulate matters of 10 μm size or less
- OR:
-
Odds ratio
- CI:
-
Confidence interval
- IQR:
-
Interquartile range
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Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to Department of Science and Technology (DST), India, for providing financial support in the form of an Inspire fellowship (IF120768) and Head, Department of Botany, for providing library and computer facilities. The authors are also grateful to anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions for improving the quality of the manuscript.
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Mukherjee, A., Agrawal, M. World air particulate matter: sources, distribution and health effects. Environ Chem Lett 15, 283–309 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0611-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0611-9