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Advanced PAH pollution monitoring by bivalves

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are broad environmental contaminants, which, due to their lipophilic profile, tend to be absorbed on particles and finally accumulate in marine environments. Due to their cumulative power of adsorption, bivalves are major bioindicators of PAH pollution. Substantial research has been performed on the effects of PAH pollution on marine bivalves. Here we review PAH analysis using bivalves and effects of PAH on bivalves. Specific focus is given on: (1) PAH analytical methodologies and their performance, (2) levels of marine PAH as measured through bivalves within the last decade; current pollution status and (3) health effects of PAH on bivalves.

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Abbreviations

MWP:

Mussel watch program

NOAA:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

SD:

Standard deviation

APPI:

Atmospheric pressure photoionization

CRM:

Certified reference material

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

DCM:

Dichloromethane

QA:

Quality assurance

IDL:

Instrument detection limit

IAEA:

International atomic energy agency

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

IS:

Internal standard

LC–MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

HMW:

High molecular weight

RSD:

Relative standard deviation

SIM:

Selected ion monitoring

MSPD:

Matrix solid-phase dispersion

SRMs:

Standard reference materials, National Institute of Standards & Technology, USA

MAE:

Microwave-assisted extraction

QC:

Quality control

GC–MS/MS:

Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

LMW:

Low molecular weight

d-PAH:

Deuterated PAH

ASE:

Accelerated solvent extraction

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry

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  1. Laboratory of Pesticides Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta Street, Kifissia, 14561, Athens, Greece

    Konstantinos M. Kasiotis & Christina Emmanouil

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  1. Konstantinos M. Kasiotis
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  2. Christina Emmanouil
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Correspondence to Konstantinos M. Kasiotis.

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Kasiotis, K.M., Emmanouil, C. Advanced PAH pollution monitoring by bivalves. Environ Chem Lett 13, 395–411 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0525-3

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