Abstract
Svabite is a secondary arsenate mineral, calcium fluoride arsenate [Ca5(AsO4)3F], in the apatite group of phosphates. Its dissolution and subsequent release of aqueous species play an important role in the cycling of arsenic and fluoride in the environment, but the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of svabite dissolution have never been investigated. In the present study, svabite was prepared by precipitation and characterized by various techniques, and then dissolution of synthetic svabite was studied at 25, 35 and 45°C in a series of batch experiments. In addition, the aqueous concentrations from the batch dissolution were used to calculate the solubility product and free energy of formation of svabite. The results of the X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated that the synthetic, microcrystalline svabite with apatite structure used in the experiments has not changed after dissolution. For the dissolution of svabite [Ca5(AsO4)3F] in ultrapure water, F− ions were initially found to dissolve preferentially when compared with calcium and arsenate. Preferential dissolution of arsenate when compared with that of calcium was also observed. Dissolution of svabite in aqueous medium appeared to be always non-stoichiometric at the beginning, but when a dissolution equilibrium or steady state was reached at 25 and 35°C, the solid dissolved almost stoichiometrically. The release of calcium, arsenic and fluoride to solution increased with decreasing temperature. The mean K sp value was calculated for Ca5(AsO4)3F of 10−39.21 (10−39.18 ~ 10−39.24) at 25°C; the free energy of formation ΔG o f [Ca5(AsO4)3F] was −5210.46 kJ/mol.
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Acknowledgments
The manuscript has greatly benefited from insightful comments by Dr. Jan Schwarzbauer and two anonymous reviewers. The authors thank the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Protection and Assessment for the research assistance and financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC40773059 and 40263001) and the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (GuiKeZi0728222 and GuiKeGong0816003-1-1). Financial assistance for this research was also provided through the Program to Sponsor Teams for Innovation in the Construction of Talent Highlands in Guangxi Institutions of Higher Learning and the Special Research Program for Excellent Talents in Guangxi (GuiKeRen 2007-71, No.2004217).
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Zhu, Y., Zhang, X., Zeng, H. et al. Characterization, dissolution and solubility of synthetic svabite [Ca5(AsO4)3F] at 25–45°C. Environ Chem Lett 9, 339–345 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0284-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-010-0284-0