Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spectrophotometric determination of trifluralin in commercial formulations and agricultural samples using factorial design

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Environmental Chemistry Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of trifluralin in commercial formulation and food samples. The method was based on the hydrolysis of trifluralin with sodium hydroxide to form 2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline. The resultant aniline group was diazotized with nitrate in acidic media and the diazotized product was coupled with β-naphthol to form red colored product having λmax 550 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized for hydrolysis as well as for the diazotization reaction. The Beer’s law was obeyed over the range of 0.2–17 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 1.5 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. The relative standard deviation was found to be 3.6%. A two level factorial design of 23 was used for optimization of all parameters. The influence of different factors and their interactions on the final azo dye formation were also studied from these factorial designs. The method has been applied successfully for the analysis of commercial formulations and agricultural samples. The recovery for the determination of trifluralin was found to be in the range 95–97%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bruzzoniti MC, Sarzanini C, Costantino G, Fungi M (2006) Determination of herbicides by solid phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in drinking waters. Anal Chim Acta 578:241–249. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd RA, Marham JK, John L (1995) Developmental toxicity of dinitroaniline herbicides in Rats and Rabbits Trifluralin. Fundam Appl Toxicol 26:181–190. doi:10.1006/faat.1995.1089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitro BD, Gadeva PG, Benova DK, Bineva MV (2006) Comparative gentoxicity of the herbicides Roundup, Stomp and Regdon in plant and mammalian test systems. Mutagenesis 26:375–382. doi:10.1093/mutage/gel044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimou AD, Sakkas VA, Albanis TA (2004) Trifluralin photolysis in natural and under the presence of isolated organic matter and nitrate ions: Kinetics and photoproduct analysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 163:473–480. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.02.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Escrig-Tena I, Alvarez-Rodriguez L, Esteve-Romro J, Garcia-Alvarez-Coque MC (1998) Micellar modified spectrophotometric determination of nitrobenzenes based upon reduction with tin(ii), diazotization and coupling with the Bratton-Marshall reagent. Talanta 47:43–52. doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(98)00030-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegedus G, Belai I, Szekacs A (2000) Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) for the herbicide trifluralin. Anal Chim Acta 421:121–133. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)01045-X

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudecova T, Tekel J, Hatrik S, Vaverkova S, Havranek E (2000) Determination of residual trifluralin in the herbal drug mentha piperita L. Ceska Slov Farm 49:247–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karasali H, Anagnastopoulos H, Ekonomopoulou H, Hourdakis A (2004) Quality control data of fenthoin and trifluralin determination in pesticide formulation. Int J Environ Anal Chem 84:55–63. doi:10.1080/03067310310001597626

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Person A, Mellouki A, Munoz A, Borras E, Martin-Reviejo M, Wirtz K (2007) Trifluralin: photolysis under sunlight conditions and reaction with HO radicals. Chemosphere 67:376–383. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro S, Perez G, Navarro G, Mena L, Vela N (2006) Decay of dinitroaniline herbicides and organophosphorus insecticides during brewing of lager beer. J Food Prot 69:1699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tadeoa JL, Sanchez-Brunete C, Perez RA, Farnandez MD (2000) Analysis of herbicide residues in cereals, fruits and vegetables. J Chromatogr A 882:175–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tagle MG, Salum ML, Bujan EI, Argiiello GA (2005) Time evaluation and competing pathways in photo degradation of trifluralin and three of its major degradation products. Photochem Photobiol Sci 4:869–875

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlin CDS (1997) The pesticide Manual, 11th edn. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, pp 1248–1250

    Google Scholar 

  • Vela N, Perez G, Navarro G, Navarro S (2007) Gas chromatographic determination of pesticide residue in malt, spent grains, wort and beer with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 90:544–549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang B, Pan X, Venne L, Dunnum S, McMurry ST, Cobb GP, Anderson TA (2008a) Development of a method for the determination of 9 currently used cotton pesticides by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Talanta 75:1055–1060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Chen Z, Yang G, Wang W, Li X, Li R, Wu Y (2008b) Microwave pretreatment and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of herbicide residues in onion. Food Chem 108:322–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, N.W.F.P., Peshawar, Pakistan

    Jasmin Shah, M. Rasul Jan, Farhat-un-nisa Shehzad & Behisht Ara

Authors
  1. Jasmin Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Rasul Jan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Farhat-un-nisa Shehzad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Behisht Ara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jasmin Shah.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shah, J., Jan, M.R., Shehzad, Fun. et al. Spectrophotometric determination of trifluralin in commercial formulations and agricultural samples using factorial design. Environ Chem Lett 8, 253–259 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-009-0214-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-009-0214-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation