Abstract
The relatively recent discovery of disinfection by-products has driven the main regulatory organisms to set maximum contaminant levels for certain substances in drinking water. Trihalomethanes can be deemed as the most important group of by-products in chlorinated surface waters. The present work has focused on trihalomethane formation in a full-scale water treatment plant. We studied the effect of several factors, including ozonation, on trihalomethane levels in chlorinated treated water. The treatment scheme also includes an ozonation step.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boorman GA, Dellarco V, Dunnick JK, Chapin RE, Hunter S, Hauchman F, Gardner H, Cox M, Sills RC (1999) Drinking water disinfection by-products: review and approach to toxicity evaluation. Environ Health Persp 107 Suppl 1:207–217
Carlson M, Hardy D (1998) Controlling DBPs with monochloramine. J Am Water Works Ass 89:1–95
Engerholm B, Amy G (1983) A predictive model for chloroform formation from humic acid. J Am Water Works Ass 75:418–423
European Union (1998) 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption
Gomella C, Guerree H (1977) Tratamiento de aguas para abastecimiento pùblico. Ed. tècnicos asociados, s.a.. Barcelona, chap 11
Haag W, Hoigné J (1983) Ozonation of bromide-containing waters: kinetics of formation of hypobromous acid and bromate waters. Environ Sci Technol 16:261–267
Ichihashi K, Teranishi K, Ichimura A (1999) Brominated trihalomethane formation in halogenation of humic acid in the coexistence of hypochlorite and hypobromite ions. Water Res 33:477–483
ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) (1996) Disinfection by-products in drinking water: critical issues on health effects research. In: Disinfection by-products in drinking water: critical issues in health effects research, 23–25 October, 1995, Chapel Hill, NC. International Life Sciences Institute Press, Washington, pp 1–168
Ko YM, Chiang PC, Chang EE (1996) Effect of bromide ion on the formation of organohalogen disinfection by-products during ozonation. Ozone Sci Eng 18:349–361
Najm IN, Krasner SW (1995) Effects of bromide and NOM on by-product formation. J Am Water Works Ass 87:106–115
Orta de Velasquez MT, Altamirano Corro JM, Monje Ramirez I, Brito OM (1998) Improvement of wastewater coagulation using ozone. Ozone Sci Eng 20:151–162
Richardson SD, Thruston AD, Caughran TV, Chen PH, Collette TW, Schenck KM, Lykins BW, Rav Acha C, Glezer V (2000) Identification of new drinking water disinfection by-products from ozone, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and chlorine. Water Air Soil Poll 123:95–102
Song R (1995) Disinfection by-products in water treatment: the chemistry of their formation and control. Lewis Publishers, New York
Song R, Westerhoff P, Minear R, Amy G (1997) Bromate minimization during ozonation. J Am Water Works Ass 89:68–78
USEPA (1998) National primary drinking water regulations: disinfectants and disinfection by-products; final rule. Fed. Reg., 63:241:69390
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Universidad del País Vasco, the Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte and the water treatment firm Pridesa for their economic support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Iriarte, U., Álvarez-Uriarte, J.I., López-Fonseca, R. et al. Trihalomethane formation in ozonated and chlorinated surface water. Environ Chem Lett 1, 57–61 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-002-0018-z
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-002-0018-z