Abstract
Bischofia javanica is a non-native tree species in Japan’s Ogasawara Islands, where it threatens native tree species due to its rapid propagation and growth. An effective method is needed to limit the expansion of B. javanica populations and to conserve the natural forest ecosystem of the islands. For this purpose, we examined the effectiveness of a new application technique for the herbicide glyphosate on B. javanica. In this method, glyphosate solution is directly injected into holes drilled in the stem, and each hole is then plugged with a cork stopper to prevent loss of the solution, namely the drill-and-plug method. We also developed an allometric regression model linking stem diameter with total aboveground biomass (AGB) to estimate the necessary herbicide dosage. Our results suggest that between 0.1 and 0.5 g kg−1 (active ingredient per unit AGB) is required to control most B. javanica trees. Verification of the drill-and-plug method using the minimum dosage (0.1 g kg−1) showed that most of the herbicide-treated trees were killed. These results suggest that the drill-and-plug method can help control the B. javanica invasion of the Ogasawara Islands.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Asai M (2001) Assay of herbicides. In: The Weed Science Society of Japan (ed) Methods in weed science. The Weed Science Society of Japan, Tokyo, pp 267–269 (in Japanese)
Au RCF (2012) Efficacy of biological & chemical herbicides on european buckthorn during three seasonal periods. Winnipeg technical report, Canada, pp 1–23 http://winnipeg.ca/publicworks/naturalist/ns/natural_areas/NA_Additional_Info/Au_Buckthorn%20Herbicide%20Efficacy_TechReport.pdf. Accessed 19 June 2013
Buckley HL, Freckleton RP (2010) Understanding the role of species dynamics in abundance–occupancy relationships. J Ecol 98:645–658
Cantoni E, Ronchetti E (2001) Robust inference for generalized linear models. J Am Stat Assoc 96:1022–1030
Ferrel J, Langeland K, Sellers B (2006) Herbicide application techniques for woody plant. (SS-AGR-260) Gainesville: University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag245. Accessed 22 Oct 2013
Franz J, Mao M, Sikorski J (1997) Glyphosate: a unique global herbicide. American Chemical Society, Washington DC
Harrington TB, Miller JH (2005) Effects of application rate, timing, and formulation of Glyphosate and Triclopyr on control of Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense). Weed Technol 19:47–54
Itou T (2005) Survey of effective herbicides for direct injection on Bischofia javanica Blume seedlings. J Weed Sci Technol 50:18–20 (in Japanese)
Kawakami K, Okochi I (eds) (2010) Restoring the oceanic island ecosystem: impact and management of invasive alien species in the Bonin Islands. Springer, Tokyo
Loope LL, Hamann O, Stone CP (1988) Comparative conservation biology of oceanic archipelagoes. Bioscience 38:272–282
Papritz A, Reichar PU (2009) Modelling the risk of Pb and PAH intervention value exceedance in allotment soils by robust logistic regression. Environ Pollut 157:2019–2022
R Development Core Team (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org. Accessed 22 January 2013
Richardson D (1998) Forestry trees as invasive aliens. Conserv Biol 12:18–26
Shimizu Y (1988) Vegetation of Mt. Kuwanoki in the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands with reference to the invasion of an introduced tree species Bischofia javanica. Inst Appl Geogr Komazawa Univ Tokyo Reg Views 1:31–46 (in Japanese)
Shimizu Y (2003) The nature of Ogasawara and its conservation. Glob Environ Res Eng Ed 7:3–14
Sunarno B, Martawijaya A, Wheeler E (1995). Bischofia Blume [Internet] record from Proseabase. In: Lemmens RHMJ, Soerianegara I, Wong WC (eds) PROSEA (Plant Resources of South–East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. http://www.proseanet.org. Accessed 11 May 2011
Tanimoto T, Toyoda T, Watanabe T, Iida S, Karizuki N, Chiba H (1995) Forest succession and flora in Ogasawara Experimental Station in Chichijima Island, Bonin Islands. Bull For For Prod Res Inst 369:1–61 (in Japanese with English abstract)
Venables WN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern applied statistics with S, 4th edn. Springer, New York
Yamashita N, Abe T (2002) Size distribution, growth and inter-year variation in sex expression of Bischofia javanica, an invasive tree. Ann Bot 90:599–605
Yamashita N, Tanaka N, Hoshi Y, Kushima H, Kamo K (2003) Seed and seedling demography of invasive and native trees of subtropical Pacific islands. J Veg Sci 14:14–24
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to H. Utsugi, H. Sakai, K. Miyamoto, T. Otani, M. Noguchi, and other members of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute for their helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript. We thank T. Yasui and the members of the Ogasawara Wildlife Research Society for their assistance with our field measurements of tree biomass; Y. Hoshi and H. Umeno, residents of the Ogasawara Islands, for their help with the verification tests; and N. Yamashita, S. Makino, and I. Okochi, as well as other members of Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, for their support during the study. We also thank the members of the Kanto Regional Forest Office at Ogasawara for maintaining the Coffee-yama test site. The authors would like to thank the coordinating editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. The verification experiment was carried out as a part of a research project funded by the Japan Forest Technology Association and the Japan Ministry of the Environment.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
About this article
Cite this article
Itou, T., Hayama, K., Sakai, A. et al. Developing an effective glyphosate application technique to control Bischofia javanica Blume, an invasive alien tree species in the Ogasawara Islands. J For Res 20, 248–253 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-014-0457-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10310-014-0457-y